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قراءة كتاب Annals of Music in America A Chronological Record of Significant Musical Events
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Annals of Music in America A Chronological Record of Significant Musical Events
Boston an Academy of Music was established by Lowell Mason in 1833. It had a large number of pupils, and there was an orchestra in connection with it, which gave several concerts. But the Harvard Musical Association, which was founded in 1837, seems to have been the chief propelling power to orchestral music in Boston, until the formation of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. In New York the Philharmonic Society was reorganized and was, as it has been ever since, the most prominent orchestral organization of that city.
In 1848 two complete orchestras came to America, Gungl's, which gave a number of concerts, chiefly of light music, and the Germania, which consisted of a number of refugees from the German government. These men gave concerts of a finer type than had yet been given in America. Their career as an organization was not long, and it ended in disaster, but many of the members became prominent in musical matters in various cities, and in this way the Germania orchestra had a beneficial and lasting effect upon music in this country.
In the forties began the stream of violin and piano virtuosi which has continued in ever-increasing volume to the present day. Ole Bull, violinist, in 1843, Vieuxtemps and Artôt, violinists, and Leopold von Meyer, pianist, in 1844, were the first.
Perhaps the development of opera may be considered of greater interest than other musical items. In 1825 Manuel Garcia arrived in New York, and gave the first performances of Italian opera. In his company were his daughter Maria, who married one Malibran and remained in New York for about two years. At the end of this time she left her husband and returned to Europe, where she had a short but very brilliant career. Young Garcia, the son, who also sang, afterwards became one of the greatest singing teachers in Europe, and invented the laryngoscope. Pauline, who became Madame Viardot, and lived to a great age, was too young to participate in Garcia's performances in New York. For many years she was one of the great singing teachers in Paris.
Garcia did not stay very long in New York, but he began the efforts to present Italian opera, which were continued by many others from time to time, usually with disaster. Nevertheless, the history of the period from 1825 to 1850 is full of first performances of Italian opera. In 1848 the Havana Company visited the United States, and was considered the finest company that had been heard until that time.
In the same year Max Maretzek appeared in New York and at once entered the operatic field, with which he was prominently occupied during the next period.
Before finishing the review of this period we must not forget the production William Henry Fry's opera, "Leonora." This was the first grand opera written and produced by an American. It had several representations, but does not seem to have lived long. The same, however, may be said of many of the Italian operas which were presented during this and later periods. A careful perusal of the list will show the names of operas long since defunct, so far as the American public is concerned. Yet there are many, which were first presented to the American public in this period, and which are as popular today as ever,—in fact no good opera company can afford to be without them. Opera was well started by 1850.
1825. Mar. 12. Weber's opera "Der Freyschütz" presented in English at the Park Theatre, New York City, with Miss Kelly and Mrs. de Luce in the leading parts.
1825. Nov. 26. First season of Italian grand opera in America opened in New York city with a performance of Rossini's "Il Barbiere," by Manuel Garcia's company.
This company included Manuel Garcia, his son Manuel (later a renowned vocal teacher, and inventor of the laryngoscope), his daughter, Maria Félicité (the great Malibran), his daughter Pauline (later Madame Viardot, one of the great vocal teachers of Paris) and others of less note.
The other operas presented during this season were:
1825. Dec. 31. "Tancredi," Rossini.
1826. April 25. "Semiramide," Rossini.
1826. May 23. "Don Giovanni," Mozart.
1826. Dec. 27. "L'Amante Astuto," Garcia.
Also (dates uncertain):
"La Figlia del Aria," Garcia.
"Il Turco in Italia," Rossini.
"La Cenerentola," Rossini.
1826-1864. Stephen Foster. Noted song writer.
1827. July 13. The French Opera Company from New Orleans, which visited Philadelphia, and several other cities, opened a season at the Park Theatre, New York City, with Rossini's "La Cenerentola." They also presented "Jean de Paris," "La Dame Blanche," "Joconde," "Les Visilandines," etc.
1827. Sept. 28. Boieldieu's opera "Jean de Paris" presented in New York City, with Malibran. Later in the season the same composer's "Caliph of Bagdad" was given.
1827. Oct. 9. Weber's opera "Oberon" presented in Philadelphia.
1827. Oct. 9. Farewell of Madame Malibran (Maria Félicité Garcia) at the Bowery Theatre, after two years' residence in New York City.
1828. An English version of "Il Barbiere di Seviglia," and "Der Freyschütz" given in Boston with Miss George, Mrs. Papanti, Mr. Comer, and Mr. Horn as leading singers.
1829. Sept. First musical convention held under the auspices of the Central Musical Society of Concord, N. H.
1829. May 8.-1869. Dec. 18. Louis Moreau Gottschalk, brilliant pianist. Born in New Orleans.
1829. Jan. 24.-1908. July 14. William Mason, noted American pianist and teacher.
1831. Sept. 6. American début of Miss Hughes at the Park Theatre, New York City, in "The Marriage of Figaro."
1832. Mar. 17. Mozart's opera "Die Zauberflöte" presented in Philadelphia.
1832. July 4. The National Hymn "America" first sung in public at a children's celebration of Independence Day, at the Park St. Church, Boston, The words were written in February by the Rev. Samuel F. Smith, and were sung to the tune of "God Save the King."
1832. Sept. 25. First appearance, in concert, of an Italian opera company organized by Lorenzo da Ponte, Italian poet and librettist, at Niblo's Garden, New York City. The leading singers were Signora Pedrotti and Signori Fornisari and Montresor. The opera performances were given at the Bowery Theatre. Sig. Rapetti, conductor.
1832. Oct. 19. Mercadante's opera "Elisa e Claudio" presented in New York City with Pedrotti (début) and Salvione (début).
1832. Nov. 5. Rossini's opera "L'Italiana in Algeri" given in New York City with Verducci, Fanetti, Fornisari, etc.
1832. Dec. 5. Bellini's opera "Il Pirata" by same company.
1832. Dec. 22. Rossini's sacred opera "Mosè in Egitto" by same company.
1833. Mar. 13-20. Rossini's opera "Othello" presented twice during this week, in New York City, by same company.
1833. June 20. Auber's opera "Fra Diavolo" presented at the Park Theatre, New York City.
1833. Sept. 4. American début of Mr. and Mrs. Wood in "Cinderella" at the Park Theatre, New York City.
1833. Nov. 18. Verdi's opera "La Gazza Ladra" given in New York City, at the Bowery Theatre, by the Italian Opera Company.
1833. Academy of Music founded in Boston by Lowell Mason. Enrolled twenty-two hundred pupils the first year.
1834. Mar. 21. Rossini's opera "La Donna del Lago" given at the Bowery Theatre, New York City, with Clotilde and Rosina Fanti, Marozo, Raviglia and