You are here
قراءة كتاب Taxonomy of the Chipmunks, Eutamias quadrivittatus and Eutamias umbrinus
تنويه: تعرض هنا نبذة من اول ١٠ صفحات فقط من الكتاب الالكتروني، لقراءة الكتاب كاملا اضغط على الزر “اشتر الآن"
Taxonomy of the Chipmunks, Eutamias quadrivittatus and Eutamias umbrinus
length of tip.
Eutamias quadrivittatus quadrivittatus (Say)
Sciurus quadrivittatus Say, in Jones, Long's Expedition to Rocky Mountains, 2:45, 1823.
Eutamias quadrivittatus, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 30:43, December 27, 1901.
Tamias quadrivittatus gracilis J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:99, June 1890, Type from San Pedro, Santa Fe Co., New Mexico.
Eutamias quadrivittatus animosus Warren, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 22:105, June 25, 1909. Type from Irwin Ranch, Las Animas County, Colorado.
Type.—None designated; from along Arkansas River, about 26 mi. below Canon City, Fremont County, Colorado; obtained on July 18, 1820.
Diagnosis.—Size medium; dorsal dark stripes blackish; sides Cinnamon to Clay Color; crown Light Drab; baculum large.
Description.—Color pattern: Head Cinnamon, shaded on crown to Light Drab; ocular stripe Fuscous Black, with Cinnamon along margins; other facial stripes Fuscous mixed with Cinnamon; ears Fuscous Black, Ochraceous-Tawny on anterior margin, grayish white on posterior margin and on postauricular patch; dark dorsal stripes black with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; outer pair of dark stripes often mainly Tawny; light dorsal stripes grayish white, outer pair usually creamy white; sides Ochraceous-Tawny, shaded in the region of the shoulder with Cinnamon; rump and thighs Cinnamon-Buff mixed with Smoke Gray; antipalmar surfaces of forefeet Cinnamon-Buff; antiplantar surfaces of hind feet Pinkish Buff; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black, overlaid with Pinkish Buff; ventral surface of tail Ochraceous-Tawny, Fuscous Black along margin, Pinkish Buff along outermost edge; underparts creamy white. Skull: Large; braincase well inflated; zygomatic arches strong and slightly appressed to skull. Baculum: Large; long and slender.
Comparisons.—From E. q. hopiensis, the only other subspecies in this species, E. q. quadrivittatus differs in: Dorsal dark stripes blackish; crown grayer; rump and thighs grayer; general tone of upper parts darker.
Remarks.—Specimens from the Chuska Mountains, Zuni Mountains, and Blanco, New Mexico, are intergrades between E. q. quadrivittatus and E. q. hopiensis, but are referable to E. q. quadrivittatus.
In north-central Colorado E. umbrinus occurs in the spruce and pine forests at higher altitudes, while to the south and east of this area E. q. quadrivittatus occurs in growths of piñon in lower, semiarid areas. In the northern half of New Mexico and in south-central Colorado, E. q. quadrivittatus occurs not only in semiarid habitats but also in the moist habitats of the forests of higher altitudes. Ecologically, E. umbrinus thus replaces E. q. quadrivittatus in north-central Colorado. This ecological replacement is comparable to the ecological replacement of Thomomys bottae by T. talpoides in Utah as shown by Durrant (1952:156).
Specimens examined.—Total number, 130.
Colorado: Larimer Co.: Arkins, 1 BS. Jefferson Co.: W spur Lookout Mountain, near Golden, 1 WC. Gunnison Co.: Sapinero, 3 BS. Saguache Co.: 5 mi. N and 22 mi. W Saguache 10,000 ft., 1; 21 mi. W and 3 mi. N Saguache, 1. Fremont Co.: 18 mi. S and 7 mi. W Colorado Springs, 1; Arkansas River, "about" 26 mi. below Canon City, 15 BS. San Juan Co.: Silverton, 1 BS. Mineral Co.: 3 mi. E Creede, 1. Alamosa Co.: Sangre de Cristo Range, 24 mi. E Hooper, 2 CM. La Plata Co.: 2 mi. NE Bondad 6,100 ft., 1; Bondad, 15 mi. S Durango 6,050 ft., 1. Archuleta Co.: Chromo, 1 CM. Las Animas Co.: Trinidad, 6 BS. Baca Co.: unspecified, 1.
New Mexico: San Juan Co.: Blanco, 1 BS; Chuska Mountains, 8 BS. Rio Arriba Co.: 8 mi. N El Rito, 1; 4 mi. N El Rito, 5; Rim Rock, El Rito, 2; 2 mi. E El Rito, 7,000 ft., 1; 2 mi. SE El Rito, 1; 6 mi. E and ½ mi. S Truchas, 8,500 ft., 1; 2 mi. S and 4 mi. W Coyote, 8,100 ft., 1; unspecified, 2. Taos Co.: 3 mi. N Taos Pueblo, 5 BS; 23 mi. S and 6 mi. E Taos, 8,750 ft., 2. Union Co.: Emery Peak, 1 BS; Folsom, 3 BS; Sierra Grande, 8 BS; unspecified, 2. McKinley Co.: Bear Ridge, Zuni Mountains, 9 BS. Sandoval Co.: Bear Canyon, W foothills, Sandia Mountains, 3 BS; W foothills, near S end, Sandia Mountains, 7 BS. Santa Fe Co.: San Pedro, 7 BS. San Miguel Co.: Canadian River, 4 mi. NW Tucumcari, 1 BS. Valencia Co.: Mount Taylor, San Mateo Mountains, 10 BS.
Oklahoma: Cimarron Co.: Kenton, 1 BS.
Eutamias quadrivittatus hopiensis Merriam
Eutamias hopiensis Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18:165, June 29, 1905.
Eutamias quadrivittatus hopiensis, Howell, Jour. Mamm. 3:184, August 4, 1922.
Type.—Female, adult, skull and skin, No. 67768 U. S. Nat. Mus.; from Keams Canyon, Painted Desert, Arizona; obtained on July 27, 1894, by A. K. Fisher.
Diagnosis.—Size medium; dorsal dark stripes tawny; crown Drab-Gray; baculum of same proportions as in E. q. quadrivittatus but smaller.
Fig. 2. Localities of specimens examined and probable geographic ranges of the subspecies of Eutamias quadrivittatus and Eutamias umbrinus. The symbols for locality records are as follows: circles, precise localities; triangles, localities known only to county.
Guide to subspecies:
1. E. q. quadrivittatus
2. E. q. hopiensis
3. E. u. umbrinus
4. E. u. adsitus
5. E. u. sedulus
6. E. u. inyoensis
7. E. u. nevadensis
8. E. u. fremonti
9. E. u. montanus
Description.—Color pattern: Head Drab-Gray, with Snuff Brown around margin of crown; facial stripes Sayal Brown with small blackish patches around eye; ears Ochraceous Tawny anteriorly and Pinkish Buff posteriorly; dorsal stripes Tawny, median one sometimes blackish; median pair of dorsal light stripes grayish white, outer pair creamy white; sides Ochraceous Tawny; rump and thighs Cinnamon Buff washed with Pale Smoke Gray; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Pinkish Cinnamon; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black; ventral surface of tail Ochraceous Tawny, Fuscous Black along margin, Cinnamon Buff along outermost edge; underparts creamy white. Skull: As in E. q. quadrivittatus. Baculum: Same proportions as in E. q. quadrivittatus but smaller.
Comparisons.—See under the account of E. q. quadrivittatus.
Remarks.—Topotypes of this subspecies are intergrades between it and E. q. quadrivittatus.
In a large part of the geographic range of E. q. hopiensis there are numerous, massive outcrops of Mesozoic sandstones, which tend to form cliffs, that are brightly colored with many shades of red. The color which is characteristic of E. q. hopiensis seems to be helpful in adapting this subspecies to this habitat of red sandstone, for these chipmunks are generally found in the rubble and among the piñon at the base of the cliffs. At many places in Utah above these cliffs of red sandstone there are forests predominantly composed of yellow pine. Kelson