of heaven and earth, and my petition will not be denied, that he grant, that this beautiful maid, who glittered like pearls, may, through the intercession of Holy Dewi, [28c] be received to his mercy, that she may converse with the prophets, that she may come into the inheritance of the All-wise God, with Mary and the Martyrs.  And in her behalf I will profer my prayer, which will fly to the throne of Heaven.  My love and affection knew no bounds.  May she never suffer.  Saint Peter be her protector.  God himself will not suffer her to be an exile from the mansions of bliss.  Heaven be her lot.

A POEM

To Llewelyn-ap-Iorwerth, or Llewelyn the Great; in which many of his victories are celebrated.

Composed by Llywarch Brydydd y Moch, a Bard, who, according to Mr. Edward Llwyd of the Museum’s Catalogue of the British writers, flourished about the year 1240; but this poem is certainly of more ancient date, for prince Llewelyn died in the year 1240.  However that be, the original was taken from Llyfr Coch o Hergest, or the Red book of Hergest, kept in the Archives of Jesus College, Oxon.  I have no apology to make for the Bards’ method of beginning or concluding their poems, but that it was their general custom ever since the introduction of Christianity to this island, which was very early.  We have no poems that I know of before that period, but some few remains of the Druids in that kind of verse called Englyn Milwr.  It was the custom of the heathen poets themselves to begin their poems with an invocation of the Supreme Being.  As for instance, Theocritus in the beginning of his Idyllium in praise of Ptolemœus Philadelphus,

Έκ Διὸς αρχώμιθα, κι εις Δία λπyετε, Μοισαι.

But I shall not here enter into a critical dissertation of their merits or defects; my business, as a translator, being to give as faithful a version from the original as I possibly could at this distance of time; when many of the matters of fact, the manners of the age, and other circumstances, alluded to in their poems, must remain obscure to those that are best versed in the records of antiquity.

May Christ, the Creator and Governor of the hosts of heaven and earth, defend me from all disasters; may I, through his assistance, be prudent and discreet ere I

come to my narrow habitation in the grave.  Christ, the son of God, will give me the gift of song to extol my prince, who giveth the warlike shout with joy.  Christ who hath formed me of the four elements, and hath endowed me with the deep and wonderful gift of poetry—Llewelyn is the ruler of Britain and her armour.  He is a lion-like brave prince, unmoved in action, the son of Iorwerth, [30a] our strength and true friend, a descendant of Owain [30b] the destroyer, whose abilities appeared in his youth.  He came to be a leader of forces, dressed in blue, neat and handsome.  In the conflicts of battle, in the clang of arms, he was an heroic youth.  When ten years old he successfully attacked his kinsman. [30c]  In Aber Conwy, ere my prince, the brave Llewelyn, got his right, he contested with David, [30d] who was a bloody chief, like Julius Cæsar.  A chief without blemish, not insulting his foes in distress, but in war impetuous and fierce, like the points of flaming fire burning in their rage.  It is a general loss to the Bards, that he is covered with earth.  We grieve for him.—Llewelyn was our prince ere the furious contest happened, and the spoils were amassed with eagerness. [30e]  The purple gore ran over the snow-white breasts of the warriors, and there was an universal havoc and carnage after the shout.  The parti-coloured waves flowed over the broken spear, and the warriors were silent.  The briny wave came with force, and another met it mixed

with blood, when we went to Porth Aethwy on the steeds of the main over the great roaring of the floods.  The spear raged with relentless fury, and the tide of blood rushed with force.  Our attack was sudden and fierce.  Death displayed itself in all its horrors: so that it was a doubt whether any of us should die of old age.  Noble troops, in the fatal hour, trampled on the dead like prancing steeds.  Before Rhodri was brought to submission, the church-yards were like fallow grounds.  When Llewelyn the successful prince overcame near the Alun [31a] with his warriors of the bright arms, ten thousand were killed, and the crows made a noise, and a thousand were taken prisoners.  Llewelyn, though in battle he killed with fury, though he burnt like outrageous fire, yet he was a mild prince when the mead-horns were distributed - - - - - - he gave generously under his waving banners to his numerous Bards gold and silver, which he regardeth not, and Gasgony prancing steeds, with rich trappings, and great scarlet cloaks, shining like the ruddy flame: warlike, strong, well-made destroying steeds, with streams of foam issuing out of their mouths.  He generously bestoweth, like brave Arthur, snow-white steeds by hundreds, whose speed is fleeter than birds.

Thou that feedest the fowls of the air like Caeawg [31b] the hero, the valiant ruler of all Britain, the numerous forces of England tumble and wallow in the field before thee.  He bravely achieved above Deudraeth Dryfan, [31c] the feats of the renowned Ogrfan. [31d]  Men fall silently in the field, and are deprived of the rites of sepulture.  Thou hast

defeated two numerous armies, one on the banks of Alun of the rich soil, where the Normans were destroyed, as the adversaries of Arthur in the battle of Camlan.