on to another and running on to the bobbin; fourth, sometimes where there is two ends on one boss, one end will break and catch onto the other and spin. If the trouble is in the spinning, you untwist the thread and you will find two threads instead of one. If not two threads, the trouble is in the carding room.

CHANGING NUMBERS.

16. When you change from one number to another see that the motion runs right to pack the yarn closely on the bobbin; then have your travelers just heavy enough to keep the ends straight. By running a heavy traveler you pack the yarn harder on the bobbin. I do not believe in running a traveler heavy enough to pull down the ends, but heavy enough to keep the ends straight.

POOR COTTON.

17. When cotton is poor you may need a little more twist in the yarn; sometimes when cotton is poor, the warp spinning will run bad. In this case you may run your warp one number heavier and mule filling one number lighter. Waste work requires more twist than good cotton.

ECONOMY OF HEAVY TRAVELERS.

18. It is cheaper for the company to run heavy travelers, and wind the yarn hard on the bobbins and spools. You get more length of yarn and a better quality. Will not cost so much for spooling.

KNITTED YARN.

19. If the yarn is knitted the trouble is in the carding room, as you cannot make knitted yarn on spinning frames.

SNARLED YARN.

20. How snarled yarn is made. By spinners not finding the end and breaking a thread on the bobbin to piece up by. By having the taper shorter on top of the bobbin than on the bottom, so when the doffers take the full bobbins off, the thread pulls over the top and snarls. To avoid the above, lower the arm where it is attached to the frame, (the arm that the heart rider is attached to). About one-quarter of an inch will be enough. You want the taper longer at the top than at the bottom.

LAP WASTE.

21. How to avoid making lap waste in spinning room. By keeping spinners where their work is, and by not giving spinners any more work than they can keep up. By having good doffers and good starters. If doffers and starters are not good they will make more waste than their wages will come to. Doffers should wind the thread four times around the bobbin. Starters should not wind on to bobbins when there is yarn on to piece up by.

ROVING WASTE.

22. How to avoid making roving waste in spinning room. By letting it all run through the rolls into yarn. All bad roving should be sent back into the carding room, where it belongs, every day.

PICKING UP WASTES.

23. All wastes should be picked up, looked over, weighed and carried off where it belongs, every day. You will find it much better than the old way. Not so apt to accumulate.

COLORED WORK.

24. Colored work always runs heavy. You want one tooth less draught change gear than your hank roving figures for. But put in the same twist.

DOFFING.

25. System in doffing the frames. To save making waste and trouble in the room, doff every other row right through, then go back and doff the remaining rows through. In doffing this way the spinners can tend more sides and not make so much waste, as any spinner knows, or ought to know. Frames run better when half full than on an empty bobbin. One frame stopped at a time to doff, is