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قراءة كتاب The Nature of Animal Light
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Monographs On Experimental Biology
EDITED BY
JACQUES LOEB, Rockefeller Institute
T. H. MORGAN, Columbia University
W. J. V. OSTERHOUT, Harvard University
THE NATURE OF ANIMAL LIGHT
BY
E. NEWTON HARVEY, Ph.D.
MONOGRAPHS ON EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
PUBLISHED
FORCED MOVEMENTS, TROPISMS, AND ANIMAL CONDUCT
By JACQUES LOEB, Rockefeller Institute
THE ELEMENTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM
By G. H. PARKER, Harvard University
THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF HEREDITY
By T. H. MORGAN, Columbia University
INBREEDING AND OUTBREEDING: THEIR GENETIC AND SOCIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
By E. M. EAST and D. F. JONES, Bussey Institution, Harvard University
THE NATURE OF ANIMAL LIGHT
By E. N. HARVEY, Princeton University
IN PREPARATION
PURE LINE INHERITANCE
By H. S. JENNINGS, Johns Hopkins University
THE EXPERIMENTAL MODIFICATION OF THE PROCESS OF INHERITANCE
By R. PEARL, Johns Hopkins University
LOCALIZATION OF MORPHOGENETIC SUBSTANCES IN THE EGG
By E. G. CONKLIN, Princeton University
TISSUE CULTURE
By R. G. HARRISON, Yale University
PERMEABILITY AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF LIVING TISSUE
By W. J. V. OSTERHOUT, Harvard University
THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN ACIDS AND BASES IN ORGANISM AND ENVIRONMENT
By L. J. HENDERSON, Harvard University
CHEMICAL BASIS OF GROWTH
By T. B. ROBERTSON, University of Toronto
COÖRDINATION IN LOCOMOTION
By A. R. MOORE, Rutgers College
OTHERS WILL FOLLOW
Monographs on Experimental Biology
THE NATURE OF ANIMAL LIGHT
BY
E. NEWTON HARVEY, Ph.D.
PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
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PHILADELPHIA AND LONDON J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY
COPYRIGHT, 1920. BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY
Electrotyped and Printed by J. B. Lippincott Company.
The Washington Square Press, Philadelphia, U. S. A.
EDITORS' ANNOUNCEMENT
The rapid increase of specialization makes it impossible for one author to cover satisfactorily the whole field of modern Biology. This situation, which exists in all the sciences, has induced English authors to issue series of monographs in Biochemistry, Physiology, and Physics. A number of American biologists have decided to provide the same opportunity for the study of Experimental Biology.
Biology, which not long ago was purely descriptive and speculative, has begun to adopt the methods of the exact sciences, recognizing that for permanent progress not only experiments are required but quantitative experiments. It will be the purpose of this series of monographs to emphasize and further as much as possible this development of Biology.
Experimental Biology and General Physiology are one and the same science, in method as well as content, since both aim at explaining life from the physico-chemical constitution of living matter. The series of monographs on Experimental Biology will therefore include the field of traditional General Physiology.
Jacques Loeb,
T. H. Morgan,
W. J. V. Osterhout.
PREFACE
Bioluminescence, the production of light by animals and plants, has always excited the admiration of the layman and the wonder of the scientist. It is not surprising that an enormous literature dealing with the subject has grown up. A large part of this literature, however, is made up merely of reports that a certain animal is luminous, or records of especially brilliant phosphorescence of the sea. Among those who have inquired somewhat more carefully into the nature and causes of light production may be mentioned the names of Beijerinck, R. Boyle, Dahlgren, Dubois, Ehrenberg, Krukenberg, Mangold, McDermott, Molisch, Panceri, Pflüger, Phipson, Quatrefages, Spallanzani, and Trojan. Several of these men have written comprehensive monographs on the subject.
It is not the purpose of this book to deal with every phase of bioluminescence. Volumes could be written on the evolutionary side of the problem and the structure and uses of luminous organs. These questions can only be touched upon. Neither is it my purpose to discuss the ultimate cause of the