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قراءة كتاب The Deipnosophists; or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenæus
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The Deipnosophists; or, Banquet of the Learned of Athenæus
THE
DEIPNOSOPHISTS
OR
BANQUET OF THE LEARNED
OF
ATHENÆUS.
LITERALLY TRANSLATED
By C. D. YONGE, B.A.
WITH AN APPENDIX OF POETICAL FRAGMENTS,
RENDERED INTO ENGLISH VERSE BY VARIOUS AUTHORS,
AND A GENERAL INDEX.
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. I.
LONDON:
HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
MDCCCLIV.
[ii]
LONDON:
R. CLAY, PRINTER, BREAD STREET HILL.
[iii]
PREFACE.
The author of the Deipnosophists was an Egyptian, born in Naucratis, a town on the left side of the Canopic Mouth of the Nile. The age in which he lived is somewhat uncertain, but his work, at least the latter portion of it, must have been written after the death of Ulpian the lawyer, which happened A. D. 228.
Athenæus appears to have been imbued with a great love of learning, in the pursuit of which he indulged in the most extensive and multifarious reading; and the principal value of his work is, that by its copious quotations it preserves to us large fragments from the ancient poets, which would otherwise have perished. There are also one or two curious and interesting extracts in prose; such, for instance, as the account of the gigantic ship built by Ptolemæus Philopator, extracted from a lost work of Callixenus of Rhodes.
The work commences, in imitation of Plato's Phædo, with a dialogue, in which Athenæus and Timocrates supply the place of Phædo and Echecrates. The former relates to his friend the conversation which passed at a banquet given at the house of Laurentius, a noble Roman, between some of the guests, the best known of whom are Galen and Ulpian.
[iv] The first two books, and portions of the third, eleventh, and fifteenth, exist only in an Epitome, of which both the date and author are unknown. It soon, however, became more common than the original work, and eventually in a great degree superseded it. Indeed Bentley has proved that the only knowledge which, in the time of Eustathius, existed of Athenæus, was through its medium.
Athenæus was also the author of a book entitled, "On the Kings of Syria," of which no portion has come down to us.
The text which has been adopted in the present translation is that of Schweighäuser.
[v]
CONTENTS.
| BOOK I.—EPITOME. | |
| The Character of Laurentius—Hospitable and Liberal Men—Those who have written about Feasts—Epicures—The Praises of Wine—Names of Meals—Fashions at Meals—Dances—Games—Baths—Partiality of the Greeks for Amusements—Dancing and Dancers—Use of some Words—Exercise—Kinds of Food—Different kinds of Wine—The Produce of various places—Different Wines | 1-57 |
| BOOK II.—EPITOME. | |
| Wine—Drinking—The evils of Drunkenness—Praises of Wine—Water—Different kinds of Water—Sweetmeats—Couches and Coverlets—Names of Fruits—Fruit and Herbs—Lupins—Names of—Plants—Eggs—Gourds—Mushrooms—Asparagus—Onions—Thrushes—Brains—The Head—Pickle—Cucumbers—Lettuce—The Cactus—The Nile | 57-121 |
| BOOK III. | |
| Cucumbers—Figs—Apples—Citrons—Limpets—Cockles—Shell-fish—Oysters—Pearls—Tripe—Pigs' Feet—Music at Banquets—Puns on Words—Banquets—Dishes at Banquets—Fish—Shell-fish—Fish—Cuttle-fish—Bread—Loaves—Fish—Water Drinking—Drinking Snow—Cheesecakes—Χόνδοος | 121-210 |
| BOOK IV. | |
| Feast of Caranus—Supper of Iphicrates—Cooks—Dancing at Banquets—The Attic Banquet—Athenian Feasts—The Copis—The Phiditia—Cleomenes—Persian Banquets—Alexander the Great—Cleopatra—Banquets at Phigalea—Thracian Banquets—Celtic Banquets—Roman Banquets—Gladiatorial Combats—Temperance of the Lacedæmonians—The Theory of Euxitheus—Lentils—Spare Livers—Persæus—Diodorus—Extravagance—Luxury of the Tarentines—Extravagance of Individuals—Cooks' Apparatus—Use of Certain Words—Tasters—The Delphians—Musical Instruments—Kinds of Flutes—Wind Instruments | 210-287 |
|
[vi]BOOK V. |
|
| Banquets—Baths—Banquets—The Banquets described by Homer—Banquets—The Palaces of Homer's Kings—Conversation at Banquets—Customs in Homer's Time—Attitudes of Guests—Feast given by Antiochus—Extravagance of Antiochus—Ptolemy Philadelphus—Procession of Ptolemy Philadelphus—A large Ship built by Ptolemy—The Ship of Ptolemy Philopator—Hiero's Ship—Banquet given by Alexander—Athenio—The Valour of Socrates—Plato's account of Socrates—Socrates—The Gorgons | 287-352 |
| BOOK VI. | |
| Tragedy—Fishmongers—Misconduct of Fishmongers—Use of particular Words—Use of Silver Plate—Silver Plate—Golden Trinkets—Use of Gold in different Countries—Parasites—Gynæconomi—Parasites—Flatterers of Dionysius—Flatterers of Kings—Flattery of the Athenians—Flatterers—The Tyrants of Chios—The Conduct of Philip—Flatterers and Parasites—The Mariandyni—Slaves—Drimacus—Condition of Slaves—Slaves—Banquets—The Effects of Hunger—The Mothaces—Slaves under the Romans—The Fannian Law | 353-432 |
| BOOK VII. | |
| The Phagesia—Fish—Epicures—Fish—Cooks—Sharks—Fish—Glaucus—Eels—The Tunny-Fish—Fish—Pike—Fish—The Polybus—Fish | |