Jurisdiction

20      Oppression from the Building of Cathedrals 23      Neglect of Preaching 23      Abuses of Patronage 24      Pluralities 25      Tithes 26      Sale of the Sacraments 27      Extortion of Pious Legacies 28      Quarrels over Burials 30      Sexual Disorders 31      Clerical Immunity 32      The Monastic Orders 34      The Religion of the Middle Ages 39      Tendency to Fetishism 40      Indulgences 41      Magic Power of Formulas and Relics 47 Contemporary Opinion 51   CHAPTER II.—Heresy. Awakening of the Human Intellect in the Twelfth Century 57 Popular Characteristics 59 Nature of Heresies 60 Antisacerdotal Heresies 62 Nullity of Sacraments in Polluted Hands 62 Tanchelm 64 Éon de l’Étoile 66 Peculiar Civilization of Southern France 66 Pierre de Bruys 68 Henry of Lausanne 69 Arnaldo of Brescia 72 Peter Waldo and the Waldenses 76 Passagii, Joseppini, Siscidentes, Runcarii 88   CHAPTER III.—The Cathari. Attractions of the Dualistic Theory