قراءة كتاب The History of the Thirteen Colonies of North America 1497-1763
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The History of the Thirteen Colonies of North America 1497-1763
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THE HISTORY OF THE THIRTEEN
COLONIES OF NORTH AMERICA
THE HISTORY
OF THE THIRTEEN COLONIES
OF NORTH AMERICA
1497-1763
BY
REGINALD W. JEFFERY, M.A.
BRASENOSE COLLEGE, OXFORD
WITH EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS AND A MAP
METHUEN & CO.
36 ESSEX STREET W.C.
LONDON
First Published in 1908
PREFACE
It has been my object in this small book to put into a handy form a short narrative of the History of the Thirteen Colonies. In the limited space at my command I have endeavoured to give as often as possible the actual words of contemporaries, hoping that the reader may thereby be tempted to search further for himself amongst the mass of documentary evidence which still needs so much careful study. I cannot send this book into the world without acknowledging my indebtedness to both the Beit Professor of Colonial History, Mr H. E. Egerton, and the Beit Lecturer on Colonial History, Mr W. L. Grant, whose kind suggestions have proved most valuable. At the same time I must thank Mr E. L. S. Horsburgh, for by his action the writing of this little work was made possible.
R. W. J.
Oxford, 1908
CONTENTS
| PAGE | |
| CHAPTER I | |
| INTRODUCTION: EARLY ENGLISH VOYAGES TO NORTH AMERICA | |
| Spanish, French, and Dutch colonisation—English colonisation—The Cabotian discoveries—The Cabots' second voyage—The Bull of Alexander VI.—The voyages of John Rut and Master Hore— Newfoundland Fishery—Cabot, Willoughby, and Chancellor—The attraction of the West—The North-West Passage—Martin Frobisher —Sir Humphrey Gilbert—Sir John Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake— Sir Walter Raleigh—The Elizabethan Period |
1 |
| CHAPTER II | |
| VIRGINIA: THE FIRST GREAT COLONY OF THE BRITISH | |
| Character of the men—Raleigh's Virginian colonies—Motives for colonisation—Gosnold and Pring—Richard Hakluyt—Elizabeth and James I.—Formation of the London and Plymouth Companies—The government of the London Company—The Virginian settlers— Foundation of Jamestown—Captain John Smith—The lust for gold —Smith's good work—English interest in Virginia—Sir George Somers and Sir Thomas Gates—Lord Delawarr—Improvements in Virginia—The Princess Pocahontas—Samuel Argall—Sir Thomas Dale—Yeardley and the first Representative Assembly—The Company in danger—The abolition of the Company—A change in the character of Virginian history—Wyatt and Harvey as Governors—A land of peace and plenty—Sir William Berkeley—Trouble with the Indians—Virginia and the Civil War—Berkeley's dislike of education—Arlington and Culpeper—Virginia under Berkeley—Bacon's rising —Sir Herbert Jeffreys—Virginia and the Revolution—Virginia in the eighteenth century—Robert Dinwiddie | 19 |
| CHAPTER III | |
| THE COLONISATION OF MARYLAND AND THE CAROLINAS | |
| The colonisation of Maryland—Lord Baltimore—Leonard Calvert —Quarrel over the Isle of Kent—The Civil War—The Commonwealth—Lord Baltimore restored—A spirit of unrest in Maryland—Francis Nicholson—Irreligion of the colonists—Industry in Maryland—The Carolinas—The foundation of the colony—Its progress—The Fundamental Constitutions—State of anarchy—South Carolina—William Sayle—Joseph West—Amalgamation of the two Carolinas—Danger from French and Spaniards—Queen Anne's War —Indian troubles—The Treaty of Utrecht—The Carolinas become a Crown colony—Interest of Carolina history | 54 |
| CHAPTER IV | |
| THE PURITANS IN PLYMOUTH AND MASSACHUSETTS | |
| Character of New England colonies—The Plymouth Company—The Puritans—William Bradford—The Pilgrim Fathers—The foundation of New Plymouth—Life in the colony—Description of the colony— Development of government—The Civil War—Ineffectual attempts to obtain a charter—The foundation of Massachusetts—Ferdinando Gorges, John White, and John Endecott—A charter granted—John Winthrop—Government of Massachusetts—Puritan intolerance—Roger Williams—Harry Vane, John Wheelwright, and Mrs Anne Hutchinson—Harvard College—The New England Confederacy—Massachusetts and the Home Government—Brutality to Quakers —King Philip's War—Edward Randolph's complaints—The rule of Sir Edmund Andros—The Revolution of 1688—A new charter—Sir William Phipps—The The Earl of Bellomont and Governor Fletcher—Advance of the colony | 76 |
| CHAPTER V | |
| CONNECTICUT; RHODE ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATION; NEW HAVEN; MAINE; NEW HAMPSHIRE | |
| Quarrelsome provinces—The foundation of Connecticut—The Pequod War—The Restoration—Sir Edmund Andros—Connecticut's progress—Foundation of Rhode Island and Providence Plantation—Samuel Gorton—Government of the colony—The Royal Commissioners in Rhode Island—James II. and the Revolution—The foundation of New Haven—The regicides in New Haven—The foundation of Maine—Sir Ferdinando Gorges—The Restoration in Maine—Descriptions of Maine—Gorges sells his rights—The foundation of New Hampshire—The greed of Massachusetts—New Hampshire and the Revolution—The necessity of union | 107 |