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قراءة كتاب The Steam Engine Explained and Illustrated (Seventh Edition) With an Account of its Invention and Progressive Improvement, and its Application to Navigation and Railways; Including also a Memoir of Watt

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The Steam Engine Explained and Illustrated (Seventh Edition) With an Account of its Invention and Progressive Improvement, and its Application to Navigation and Railways; Including also a Memoir of Watt

The Steam Engine Explained and Illustrated (Seventh Edition) With an Account of its Invention and Progressive Improvement, and its Application to Navigation and Railways; Including also a Memoir of Watt

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The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Steam Engine Explained and Illustrated (Seventh Edition), by Dionysius Lardner

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

Title: The Steam Engine Explained and Illustrated (Seventh Edition)

With an Account of its Invention and Progressive Improvement, and its Application to Navigation and Railways; Including also a Memoir of Watt

Author: Dionysius Lardner

Release Date: April 26, 2013 [eBook #42602]

Language: English

Character set encoding: UTF-8

***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STEAM ENGINE EXPLAINED AND ILLUSTRATED (SEVENTH EDITION)***

 

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The Steam Engine
Explained and Illustrated

WATT.
Engraved by H. Adlard, from a Drawing by H. Corbould,
taken with the permission of James Watt, Esq.
FROM THE STATUE BY CHANTREY.
London: Taylor & Walton, Upper Gower Street.
THE
STEAM ENGINE
EXPLAINED AND ILLUSTRATED;

WITH
AN ACCOUNT OF ITS INVENTION AND PROGRESSIVE
IMPROVEMENT,
AND ITS APPLICATION TO
NAVIGATION AND RAILWAYS;

INCLUDING ALSO
A Memoir of Watt.
BY
DIONYSIUS LARDNER, D.C.L. F.R.S.
&c. &c.
SEVENTH EDITION,
ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD.
 
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR TAYLOR AND WALTON,
28. UPPER GOWER STREET.
MDCCCXL.
London:
Printed by A. Spottiswoode,
New-Street-Square.
TO
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
HENRY LORD BROUGHAM AND VAUX,
FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY,
AND
MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FRANCE,
AS A MARK OF PUBLIC RESPECT
AND
A TESTIMONY OF PRIVATE REGARD,
THIS WORK
INSCRIBED, BY HIS ATTACHED FRIEND,
THE AUTHOR.
ADVERTISEMENT.

The Drawings for several of the Cuts in this Volume have been taken, by the permission of Mr. Weale, from the admirable Plates annexed to the last edition of Tredgold on the Steam Engine and on Steam Navigation. This acknowledgment is especially due for the Illustrations which abound in this Volume.

      London, June, 1840.


LONDON ENTRANCE TO THE BIRMINGHAM RAIL-ROAD.

CONTENTS.

  • CHAPTER I.
  • PRELIMINARY MATTER.
  • The Steam Engine, a Subject of popular Interest 4
  • Effects of Steam 5
  • Great Power of Steam 7
  • Object of this Work 9
  • Disputes respecting the Invention 11
  • Hero of Alexandria's Machine 13
  • Blasco De Garay's Proposition to propel Vessels by a Machine 16
  • Solomon De Caus 17
  • Giovanni Branca proposes to work Mills by Steam 22
  • Marquis of Worcester 23
  • Mechanical Properties of Fluids 25
  • Elastic and Inelastic Fluids 25
  • Elasticity of Gases 28
  • Effects of Heat 29
  • Application of these Principles to the Engines of Hero, De Caus, and Lord Worcester 30
  • Sir Samuel Morland 34
  • Denis Papin 36
  • Atmospheric Pressure 38
  • Weight of Air 39
  • Pressure of Air 41
  • Barometer 41
  • Elastic Force of Air and Gases 42
  • Force obtained by a Vacuum 43
  • Common Pump 43
  • Rarefaction by Heat 44
  • Process of filling Thermometers 44
  • Papin's Method of producing a Vacuum 44
  • His Discovery of the Condensation of Steam 45
  • Thomas Savery 47
  • CHAP. II.
  • ENGINES OF SAVERY AND NEWCOMEN.
  • Savery's Engine 49
  • Boilers and their Appendages 50
  • Working Apparatus described 51
  • Mode of Operation 52
  • Defects of Savery's Engine 58
  • Newcomen's Engine described by Papin 62
  • Newcomen and Cawley obtain a Patent for Atmospheric Engine 65
  • Accidental Discovery of Condensation by Injection 69
  • Potter's Discovery of the Method of working the Valves 71
  • His Contrivance improved by the Substitution of a Plug Frame 72
  • Advantages of the Atmospheric Engine over that of Savery 72
  • The Power of Savery's Engine restricted 73
  • It contained no new Principle 73
  • Its practical Superiority 73
  • CHAP. III.
  • EARLY CAREER AND DISCOVERIES OF JAMES WATT.
  • Atmospheric Engine improved by Beighton 75
  • Smeaton's Improvements in the Atmospheric Engine 76
  • Brindley obtains a Patent for Improvement in

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