Pensioner, at which marriage Queen Elizabeth being much displeased, the bishop is said to have died "discontentedly by immoderate taking of tobacco." (Athenæ.) Who was the Lady Baker's first husband? Who was George Gifford? Was she a Roman Catholic previous to her second marriage?

W. S.

Jeremy Taylor and Christopher Lord Hatton.—Bishop Jeremy Taylor, in his dedication of the Great Exemplar to Christopher Lord Hatton, entreats his lordship to "account him in the number of his relatives." Was Jeremy Taylor in any way connected with Lord Hatton by marriage? His first wife was a Mrs. Joanna Bridges of Mandinam, in the parish of Languedor, co. Carmarthen, and supposed to be a natural daughter of Charles I., to whom she bore a striking resemblance. Do any of your readers know of any relationship between this lady and Lord Hatton, or any other circumstance likely to account for the passage above mentioned?

Clarence Hopper.

"Pylades and Corinna."—Can anybody tell who was the author? Could it be De Foe?

P. R.

The Left Hand; its Etymology.—I have read with much pleasure Trench's Study of Words. The following passage occurs at p. 185:

"The 'left' hand, as distinguished from the right, is the hand which we 'leave,' inasmuch as for twenty times we use the right hand, we do not once employ it; and it obtains its name from being 'left' unused so often."

Now I should certainly be sorry to appear

I am not the person to aim a word at Mr. Trench's eye. Although I am Bœotian enough to ask, I am not too far Bœotian to feel no shame in asking, whether it is quite impossible that "left" should be corruption of lævus, λαιὸς. We have, at all events, adopted dexter, the "right" hand, and the rest of its family.

Bœoticus.

Edgmond, Salop.

The Parthenon.—M. de Chateaubriand says that the Greek, Theodore Zygomalas, who wrote in 1575, is the first among modern writers to have made known the existence of the Temple of Minerva or Parthenon, which was believed to have been totally destroyed. The Messager des Sciences et des Arts de la Belgique, vol. iv. p. 24., corrects Chateaubriand, and says that Ciriaco d'Ancona had, in the year 1436, described this celebrated monument, together with other ancient buildings of Athens. I am desirous of verifying this statement, and for this purpose beg the assistance of some of your learned correspondents, who may probably be able to inform me what is the title and date of the work of Ciriaco in which this description of the Parthenon occurs.

W. M. R. E.

Replies.

MEDIÆVAL OR MIDDLE AGES.

(Vol. v., p. 469.)

The question there put by L. T. is still constantly asked, and the answer given by a reference to Mr. Dowling's work may perhaps be unsatisfactory to many, as not sufficiently defining the period at which the Middle Ages may be said to terminate. By some of the best historical writers, the commencement and termination are variously stated. In a work recently published by George T. Manning, entitled Outlines of the History of the Middle Ages, with heads of analysis, &c., the Querist seems answered with more precision. Mr. Manning divides General History into three great divisions—Ancient History, that of the Middle Ages, and Modern History; the first division extending from the Creation to about four hundred years after the birth of Christ; the second from A.D. 400 to the close of the fifteenth century of the Christian era; the third embracing those ages which have elapsed since the close of mediæval times.

The Middle Age portions he divides into five great periods, denoted by the vast changes which took place in the course of that history, viz.:

The doubling of the Cape of Good Hope being the last important event, which he places in 1497.

This is nearly the same view as taken by M. Lamé Fleury, who commences with the fall of the Western Empire in 476, and closes with the conquest of Granada by the Spaniards in 1492: thinking that memorable event, which terminated in a degree the struggle of the Western against the Eastern Empire, a better limit ("une limite plus rigoureusement exacte") than the taking of Constantinople by Mahomet II. in 1453, the date when this historical period is generally terminated by most writers.

Appended to this little volume is a list of remarkable dates and events, as also of battles and treaties during the Middle Ages.

G.

CONSECRATORS OF ENGLISH BISHOPS.

(Vol. vii., pp. 132. 220.)

1. Ashurst Turner Gilbert, Bishop of Chichester, was consecrated Feb. 27, 1842, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by the Bishops of Lincoln and Llandaff.

2. Edward Field, Bishop of Newfoundland, April 28, 1844, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by the Bishops of London, Bangor, and Worcester.

3. Thomas Turton, Bishop of Ely;

4. John Medley, Bishop of Fredericton;

5. James Chapman, Bishop of Columbo; May 4, 1845, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by the Bishops of London, Rochester, Lincoln, Hereford, Lichfield, and Bishop Coleridge.

6. Samuel Gobat, Bishop of the United Church of England and Ireland in Jerusalem, July 5, 1846, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by the Bishops of London, Calcutta, and Lichfield.

7. George Smith, Bishop of Victoria;

8. David Anderson, Bishop of Rupert's Land; May 29, 1849, in Canterbury Cathedral, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by the Bishops of London, Winchester, and Oxford.

9. Francis Fulford, Bishop of Montreal, July 25, 1830, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by the Bishops of Oxford, Salisbury, Chichester, Norwich, and Toronto.

10. John Harding, Bishop of Bombay, Aug. 10, 1851, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by the Bishop of London and Bishop Carr.

11. Hibbert Binney, Bishop of Nova Scotia, March 25, 1851, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by the Bishops of London, Chichester, and Oxford.

12. John Lonsdale, Bishop of Lichfield, was consecrated in the chapel of Lambeth Palace.

I believe A. S. A. will find all his Queries answered in the above list; but as he may wish to know the names as well as the titles of the consecrating Bishops, I subjoin a list of them.

In the consecration of the first six bishops in the list, the Archbishop of Canterbury was Dr. William Howley; in all the others he was Dr. John Bird Sumner. The Bishop of Lincoln, wherever mentioned, was Dr. John Kaye. The Bishop of Llandaff was Dr. E. Coplestone; the Bishop of London was Dr. C. J. Blomfield; the Bishop of Bangor, Dr. Christopher Bethell; the