for the Americas.

e. Congresses for health and sanitations conventions: Rio de Janiero (1887, 1906), Lima (1888), Washington (1902, 1905), Mexico City (1907), San Jose de Costa Rica (1909).

f. Scientific congresses: Buenos Aires (1898), Montevideo, (1901), Rio de Janiero (1905), Santiago de Chile, (1908), Washington, (1916).

g. Control of river commerce; the international rivers.

8. Central American affairs; arbitration agreement.

9. The so-called A. B. C. Alliance.

10. Relations with Europe:

Diplomatic; economic; cultural.

11. European interventions in Latin American affairs:

Examples of European intervention: France and Great Britain at Buenos Aires and Montevideo; Spain and France in Mexico; France, Great Britain and Spain in Mexico; Spain in Santo Domingo and Peru; Great Britain at Corinto; Germany, Great Britain and Italy in Venezuela.

Readings: Shepherd, 96-106; Koebel, The South Americans, 41-63; Garcia Calderon, 335-350; Cambridge Modern History, Vol. XII, 689-702; Moore, Brazil and Peru Boundary Question; Posada, En America una compaña; Helio Lobo, O Tribunal Arbitral Brasiliero-Boliviano; Alvarez, Le Droit international Americain; Quesada, La Evolution del Panamericanismo.

Chapter X. Later Diplomatic and Political Relations with the United States.

1. Development and extension of the Monroe Doctrine:

a. The Jackson-Van Buren attitude.

b. Polk's revival, interpretation, and restriction.

c. Monroe Doctrine in the fifties:

1. Connection with slavery issue.

2. Paraguay, 1857-59.

d. The Maximilian episode.

e. The United States and the Chilean war with Spain.

f. Grant and the nationalization of the doctrine.

g. The Santos claim in Ecuador; Alsop claim in Chile.

h. Cleveland-Olney extension.

i. Monroe Doctrine and imperialism.

j. Roosevelt-Taft period.

k. Wilson Doctrine.

l. Monroe Doctrine and claims against Hispanic-American countries:

1. Contractual,—Alsop, Cerutti, Landreau.

2. Tortuous,—Case of Moreno; Benton Case; Renton Case.

m. The Monroe Doctrine and the World War.

Readings: Appropriate sections of Edgington, Bingham, Hart, Bigelow; Reddaway, Monroe Doctrine; American State Papers; Moore, A Digest of International Law, Vol. VI, 368-604; 714-715; ——, Principles of American Diplomacy, 246-269; Minister Dudley's report, U. S. For. Rel., 1899; Vicuña Mackenna, Historia de la Administracion Montt; ——, Historia de Chile; New International Encyclopedia; Bonilla, Wilson Doctrine; Barrett, Latin-America of Today and its Relation to the United States; Helio Lobo, De Monroe a Rio-Branco; Saenz Peña, Derecho publico Americano.

2. Hispanic-American attitude toward the United States.

a. In politics and diplomacy.

b. In commerce.

Readings: Ugarte, El porvenir de la America latina; Sotolongo, El Imperialismo Norte Americano; Merlos, America latina ante el peligro; Weyl, American World Policies, Chapter XV; Gondra, Los Estados Unidos y las Naciones Americanas.

3. Efforts at coöperation and friendship:

a. Evolution of Pan Americanism.

b. The Pan American Union:

1. Organization and purposes.

2. Control and accomplishments.

c. Pan American congresses: Washington, (1889); Mexico City, (1902); Rio de Janiero, (1906); Buenos Aires, (1910).

d. Inter-American financial congresses: Washington, (1915); Buenos Aires, (1916).

e. The peace and arbitration treaties.

f. Cultural inter-relations; scientific conferences, increase of trade and travel; exchange of teachers and college professors.

g. Proposals of an inter-American league of nations.

4. The Drago Doctrine and the Porter Doctrine.

5. Latin America at the second Hague Conference.

Readings: Hull, The United States and Latin America at the Hague; Quesada, La Doctrina Drago (Rev. de la Univ., B.A., 1919).

6. The Platt Amendment:

a. Relations with Cuba; interventions.

7. Caribbean Interests of the United States:

1. Political and economic conditions in the Caribbean area; effects and influences of the Spanish-American War.

2. Strategic importance; United States as a Caribbean power.

a. Porto Rico as a dependency.

b. Territorial government; the insular cases; the question of citizenship.

c. The Virgin Islands.

3. Dominant position of the United States:

a. In commerce.

b. Financial agreements with Santo Domingo, Haiti, Nicaragua.

c. The Panama Canal as a factor in the problem; status of the Republic of Panama with respect to the United States.

d. Naval bases of the United States; lease of the Corn Islands.

e. Interventions of the United States.

4. Relations of the United States and Venezuela, Colombia, Central America.

5. Attitude of Caribbean peoples toward the United States; problem of self-determination.

6. Contemporary tendencies.

Readings: Jones, Caribbean Interests of the United States; Bonsal, The American Mediterranean; Westergaard, The Danish West Indies, 1671-1917; De Booy and Faris, The Virgin Islands.

8. The Panama Canal:

a. Treaties and plans for construction.

b. The French enterprise.

c. Relations of Columbia and the United States.

d. Secession and independence of Panama.

e. Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty.

f. Construction of Canal.

g. Possible economic and political effects.

h. The Columbian grievance against the United States; diplomatic developments.

9. Wilson Administration:

a. Hispanic-American policy.

b. Relations with Mexico.

c. Achievements and criticism.

Required Readings: Senate Doc., No. 744, 61st Cong., 3rd Session; Annals of American Academy of Pol. Science, July, 1914; Bryce, 484-520; Garcia Calderon, 298-312; Latane, America as a World Power, 255-285; ——, Diplomatic Relations of the United States with Spanish America; Williams, Anglo-American Isthmian Diplomacy; The New Pan Americanism, Parts I, II and III (World Peace Foundation).

Additional Readings: Flack, Spanish American Diplomatic Relations Preceding the War of 1898; Chandler, Inter-American Acquaintances; Moore, Principles of American Diplomacy, 365-419; Maurtua, La Idea Pan Americana y la cuestion del arbitraje; Usher, Pan-Americanism; Gause and Carr, The Story of Panama; Bishop, Panama, Past and Present.

Chapter XI. Trade Relations of Hispanic America and the United States.

1. Origins of trade.

2. Development of