Rosengarten in Tirol. Die Sagen von Margaretha der Maultasche. Sagen, Märchen u. Gebräuche aus Tirol. Der berühmte Landwirth Andreas Hofer.

I hope my little maps will convey a sufficient notion of the divisions of Tirol, the position of its valleys and of the routes through them tracked in the following pages. I have been desirous to crowd them as little as possible, and to indicate as far as may be, by the size and direction of the words, the direction and the relative importance of the valleys.

Of its four divisions the present volume is concerned with the first (Vorarlberg), the fourth (Wälsch-Tirol), and with the greater part of the valleys of the second (Nord or Deutsch-Tirol.) In the remoter recesses of them all some strange and peculiar dialects linger, which perhaps hold a mine in store for the philologist. Yet, though the belief was expressed more than thirty years ago4 that they might serve as a key to the Etruscan language, I believe no one has since been at the pains to pursue this most interesting research. In the hope of inducing some one to enter this field of enquiry, I will subjoin a list of some few expressions which do not carry on their face a striking resemblance to either of the main languages of the country, leaving to the better-informed to make out whence they come. The two main languages (and these will suffice the ordinary traveller for all practical purposes), are German in Vorarlberg and North Tirol, Italian in Wälsch-Tirol, mixed with occasional patches of German; and in South-Tirol with a considerable preponderance of these patches. A tendency to bring about the absorption of the Italian-speaking valleys into Italy has been much stimulated in modern times, and in the various troubled epochs of the last five-and-twenty years Garibaldian attacks have been made upon the frontier line. The population was found stedfast in its loyalty to Austria, however, and all these attempts were repulsed by the native sharp-shooters, with little assistance from the regular troops. An active club and newspaper propagandism is still going on, promoted by those who would obliterate Austria from the map of Europe. For them, there exists only German-Tirol and the Trentino. And the Trentino is now frequently spoken of as a province bordering on, instead of as in reality, a division of, Tirol.

Although German is generally spoken throughout Vorarlberg, there is a mixture of Italian expressions in the language of the people, which does not occur at all in North-Tirol: as

• fazanedle, for a handkerchief (Ital. fazzoletto.)
• gaude, gladness (Ital. gaudio.)
• guttera, a bottle (Ital. gutto a cruet.)
• gespusa, a bride (Ital. sposa).
• gouter, a counterpane (Ital. coltre).
• schapel, the hat (peculiar to local costume), (Ital. cappello, a hat).

The k in many German words is here written with ch; and no doubt such names as the Walgau, Walserthal, &c., commemorate periods of Venetian rule.

Now for some of the more ‘outlandish’ words:—

• baschga’ (the final n, en, rn, &c. of the German form of the infinitive is usually clipped by the Vorarlbergers, even in German words, just as the Italians constantly clip the final letters of their infinitive, as anda’ and andar’ for andare, to walk, &c.) to overcome.
• batta’, to serve.
• pütze’ or buetza’, to sew or to piece.
• häss, clothing.
• res, speech.
• tobel, a ravine.
• feel, a girl; spudel, an active girl; schmel, a smiling girl.
• hattel, a goat; mütl, a kid.
• Atti,5 father, and datti, ‘daddy.’
• frei, pleasant.
• zoana, a wattled basket.
• schlutta and schoope, a smock-frock.
• täibe, anger.
• kîba’, to strive.
• rêra’, to weep.6
• musper, merry.
• tribiliera’, to constrain.
• waedle, swift.
• raetig werden, to deliberate.
• Tripstrüll, = Utopia.
• wech, spruce, also vain.
• laegla, a little vessel.
• hengest, a friendly gathering of men.7
• koga, cursed, also corrupted.
• fegga, a wing.
• krom, a gift.
• blaetz, a patch.
• grind, a brute’s head, a jolterhead.
• bratza, a paw, an ugly hand.
• briegga’, to pucker up the face ready for crying.
• deihja, a shepherd’s or cattle-herd’s hut.8
• also dieja, which is generally reserved for a hut formed by taking advantage of a natural hole, leaving only a roof to be supplied.
• garreg, prominent. (I think that gareggiante in Italian is sometimes used in a similar sense.)

Other words in Vorarlberg dialect are very like English, as:—

• Witsch, a witch.
• Pfülle, a pillow.
• rôt, wrath.
• gompa’, to jump.
• gülla, a gulley.
• also datti and schmel, mentioned already.
• Aftermötig (after-Monday) is a local name for Tuesday.

In Wälsch-Tirol, they have

• carega, a chair.
• bagherle, a little carriage, a car.
• troz, a mountain path.
• Malga,9 equivalent to Alp, a mountain pasture.
• zufolo,