tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">223—Probable use of the gyroscope on battleships, p. 225.

CHAPTER IX

NAVIGATING THE AIR

Some mediæval traditions about airships, p. 266—The flying machines devised by Leonardo da Vinci, p. 277—The flying machine of Besnier, p. 228—The discovery of hydrogen gas and its effect upon aeronautics, p. 230—The balloon invented, p. 231—The first successful balloon ascension, p. 232—Rozier, the first man to make an ascent in a balloon, p. 235—Blanchard's attempt to produce a dirigible balloon, p. 238—Hot-air balloons and hydrogen-gas balloons, p. 240—Rozier, the first victim of ballooning, p. 241—Progress in mechanical flight, p. 244—Cocking's parachute, p. 245—Henson's studies of the lifting power of plane surfaces, p. 246—The flying machine of Captain Le Bris, p. 248—Giffard "the Fulton of aerial navigation," p. 251—The flights of the Giant, p. 252—The record flight of John Wise in 1859, p. 256—Early war balloons and dirigible balloons, p. 257—The use of balloons during the Franco-Prussian war, p. 258—The dirigible balloon achieved, p. 262—The dirigible balloon of Dupuy de Lome, p. 263—The aluminum balloon of Herr Schwartz, p. 264—The dirigible balloons of Count Zeppelin, p. 266—Early experiments of Santos-Dumont, p. 267.

CHAPTER X

THE TRIUMPH OF THE AEROPLANE

Balloon versus aeroplane, p. 272—The kite as a flying machine, p. 273—How the air sustains a heavier-than-air mechanism, p. 274—Langley's early experiments, p. 275—Experiments in soaring, p. 277—Lilienthal's imitation of the soaring bird, p. 279—Sir Hiram Maxim's flying machine, p. 283—Langley's successful aerodrome, p. 284—The failure of Langley's larger aerodrome, p. 287—Wilbur and Orville Wright accomplish the impossible, p. 288—The first public demonstration by the Wright brothers, p. 290—The Wright aeroplane described, p. 291—A host of