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قراءة كتاب History of Civilization in England, Vol. 1 of 3
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اللغة: English
History of Civilization in England, Vol. 1 of 3
الصفحة رقم: 1
HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION IN ENGLAND.
BY
HENRY THOMAS BUCKLE.
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. I.
NEW EDITION.
TORONTO:
ROSE-BELFORD PUBLISHING COMPANY,
60 YORK STREET.
1878.
ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.
| CHAPTER I. | |
| STATEMENT OF THE RESOURCES FOR INVESTIGATING HISTORY, AND PROOFS OF THE REGULARITY OF HUMAN ACTIONS. THESE ACTIONS ARE GOVERNED BY MENTAL AND PHYSICAL LAWS: THEREFORE BOTH SETS OF LAWS MUST BE STUDIED, AND THERE CAN BE NO HISTORY WITHOUT THE NATURAL SCIENCES. | |
| PAGE | |
| Materials for writing history | 1–3 |
| Narrow range of knowledge possessed by historians | 4–5 |
| Object of the present work | 6 |
| Human actions, if not the result of fixed laws, must be due to chance or to supernatural interference | 8 |
| Probable origin of free-will and predestination | 9–12 |
| Theological basis of predestination, and metaphysical basis of free-will | 12–16 |
| The actions of men are caused by their antecedents, which exist either in the human mind or in the external world | 18–20 |
| Therefore history is the modification of man by nature, and of nature by man | 20–21 |
| Statistics prove the regularity of actions in regard to murder and other crimes | 22–26 |
| Similar proof respecting suicides | 27–29 |
| Also respecting the number of marriages annually contracted | 31–32 |
| And respecting the number of letters sent undirected | 32 |
| The historian must ascertain whether mind or nature has most influenced human actions; and therefore there can be no history without physical science | 33–35 |
| Note A. Passages from Kant on free-will and necessity | 35–38 |
CHAPTER II. |
|
| INFLUENCE EXERCISED BY PHYSICAL LAWS OVER THE ORGANIZATION OF SOCIETY AND OVER THE CHARACTER OF INDIVIDUALS. | |
| Man is affected by four classes of physical agents; namely, climate, food, soil, and the general aspect of nature | 39–41 |
| Operation of these agents on the accumulation of wealth | 41–51 |
| Their operation on the distribution of wealth | 51–64 |
| Illustrations of these principles from Ireland | 65–67 |
| From Hindustan | 69–82 |
| From Egypt | 82–93 |
| From Central America | 93–94 |
| And from Mexico and Peru | 95 |
| Operation of physical laws in Brazil | 101–108 |
| Influence of the general aspects of nature upon the imagination and the | |