of Peoples of Different Colour

482 CHAPTER XIV THE TWO AMERICAS AND THE RELATION OF SOUTH AMERICA TO EUROPE Origin of the Name "America" 484 How it came to be applied to Two Continents 486 Some Physical Similarities of the Two Continents 488 Some Similarities in their History 489 "Teutonic" America and "Latin" America 490 Divergent History of the Two Americas 492 The Indians: The Mines: The Settlers 493 Different Methods of Government 494 The Two Wars of Independence 496 The English Colonies held together while the Spanish split Up 499 What "Teutonic" and Latin America have in Common 500 The Contrasts between them are More Important 504 Present Attitude of Spanish Americans to North Americans 507 Real Affinities of Spanish America are with Some European Peoples 512 Sympathy and Intercourse with Spain not very Close 513 Relations are Most Intimate with France 518 Are the South American Peoples a New Group, with a New "Racial Type"? 520 CHAPTER XV THE CONDITIONS OF POLITICAL LIFE IN SPANISH-AMERICAN REPUBLICS European Views of Spanish America during and after the War of Independence 524 Physical or Geographical Conditions affecting the Political Life 527 Racial Conditions: The Aborigines 528 Economic and Social Conditions 532 Historical Conditions in the Colonial Period 534 Historical Conditions during and since the War of Independence 536 The Peoples of the Republics began with no Experience in the Methods of Free Government 537 Some Revolutionary Leaders did not approve Democracy 538 Would Monarchy or Oligarchy have been Better? 540 Differences between the existing Republics: Three Classes of States 541 Some have truly Republican Governments 543 Influences making for Political Progress 546 European Judgments on Spanish-American Republic unduly Severe