Civilisation Goes Westward 107 44. Cæsar Goes West 114 45. The Great Roman Empire 117 46. The Holy Land 121 47. When the Barbarians Got Through With a Roman City 126 48. The Invasions of the Barbarians 128 49. A Cloister 133 50. The Goths Are Coming! 134 51. The Flight of Mohammed 139 52. The Struggle Between the Cross and the Crescent 143 53. The Holy Roman Empire of German Nationality 147 54. The Home of the Norsemen 151 55. The Norsemen Go to Russia 152 56. The Normans Look Across the Channel 152 57. The World of the Norsemen 153 58. Henry IV at Canossa 165 59. The First Crusade 170 60. The World of the Crusaders 171 61. The Crusaders Take Jerusalem 172 62. The Crusader’s Grave 173 63. The Castle and the City 179 64. The Belfry 182 65. Gunpowder 183 66. The Spreading of the Idea of Popular Sovereignty 185 67. The Home of Swiss Liberty 188 68. The Abjuration of Philip II 189 69. Mediæval Trade 199 70. Great Nowgorod 202 71. The Hansa Ship 204 72. The Mediæval Laboratory 209 73. The Renaissance 210 74. Dante