The Reasoning of Immature Minds.—Fallacies of induction; ignorance of the minor premise in deduction; reasoning by analogy

92-8 § 7. General Ideas at the Savage Level.—Savages have general ideas, though often not recognised or named; force; relations of causation and equality 99-103 § 8. The Weakness of Imagination-beliefs.—Superficial resemblance to perception-beliefs; more nearly allied to play-belief 103-7 CHAPTER IV Magic 108 § 1. Antiquity of Magic 108-9 § 2. What is Magic?—Magic defined; imaginary impersonal force contrasted with power of spirits; its action uniform like laws of nature. Kinds of Magic 109-12 § 3. The Beginnings of Magic.—A matter of speculation. The earliest were probably the simplest, and the kinds that have prevailed most widely by tradition and hereditary predisposition. The chief source of belief in Magic is the mistaking of coincidence for causation 112-19 § 4. Magical Force and Primitive Ideas of Causation.—Idea of magical force derived from physical force (empathy, Animatism, invisible action at a distance, mana). How Animism and Magic corrupt the ideas of causation 119-24 § 5. Magic and Mystery 124-6 § 6. Volitional Magic.—A relatively late idea 126-8 § 7. The Evolution of Magic—Direct Magic.—Growth and differentiation; four stages; spells and charms; taboo 128-34 § 8. Indirect or “Sympathetic” Magic.—Principles of Sympathetic Magic—mimesis and participation; connection with Animism. Exemplary Magic 134-42 § 9. The Dissolution of Magic 143-4 CHAPTER V Animism 145 § 1. What is Animism?—Hyperphysical and psychological Animism. Not all savages think that every man has a separable soul 145-7 § 2. Psychological Animism.—That everything is animated not an universal or primitive illusion. Animatism. Causes of the treatment of some inanimate things as living or sentient 147-53 § 3. The Ghost Theory.—Originated chiefly by dreams; which are regarded as objective experience 153-7 § 4. Extension of the Ghost Theory to Animals.—Influence of shadows and reflections. Generally, only things individually interesting have ghosts. Examples