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قراءة كتاب First Lessons in the Maori Language with a short vocabulary
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First Lessons in the Maori Language with a short vocabulary
class="pad1">Raua
Of the dual and plural pronouns of the first person, taua and tatou include the person or persons spoken to, while maua and matou exclude them.
§ 9. The singular Personal Pronouns ahau, I, koe, thou, ia, he, become respectively -ku, -u, -na, when they follow the possessive prepositions a, o, of, na, no, belonging to, ma, mo, for, and the compounds ta, and to (which consist of the article te and the prepositions a and o). Owing to this irregularity the preposition and pronoun in each case are generally written as one word.
Ahau, I; aku, or oku, of me; naku, or noku, belonging to me, mine; maku, or moku, for me; taku or toku, my (literally te a ku, the ... of me.)
Koe, thou; au, or ou, of thee; nau, or nou, belonging to thee, thine; mau, or mou, for thee; tau, or tou, thy.
Ia, he or she; ana, or ona, of him; nana, or nona, belonging to him, his; mana, or mona, for him; tana, or tona, his.
§ 10. Nouns of Locality, which have the nominal prefix a; § 6.
Ko, that place (at a distance), yonder.
Konei, this place (near the speaker).
Kona, that place (near the person spoken to).
Reira, that place (before mentioned).
Runga, the top.
Raro, the bottom.
Roto, the inside.
Waho, the outside.
Tawahi, the other side (of a river, valley &c.).
Tua, the other side (of a hill, house &c.).
Tatahi, the sea shore (as opposed to places inland).
Tahaki, the shore (as opposed to the water).
Uta, the dry land (as opposed to the water).
---- inland places (opposed to tatahi).
Mua, the front.
Muri, the rear.
Waenganui, the midst.
§ 11. When nouns are in Apposition (i. e. when a second noun is added to explain the first), repeat the preposition &c. of the first noun with the second, and place the most general noun first, the most particular afterwards.
Examples.
Ko toku hoa ko Hemi, it is my friend Hemi.
He kai ma tona tupuna ma Paora, food for his grandfather Paora.
In these examples, "toku hoa", and "tona tupuna", are more general terms than "Hemi" and "Paora", and they therefore stand first; and "ko" and "ma" are repeated with the particular names "Hemi" and "Paora".
§ 12. Common Nouns and Adjectives. All common nouns may be used as adjectives.
Examples.
He whare papa, a boarded house.
He kakahu rinena, a linen garment.
§ 13. When speaking of a number of persons collectively, use the dual or plural pronouns followed by the name, or names, of the additional persons, introducing each name with ko.
Examples.
Maua ko Hemi, Hemi and I.
Koutou ko Hemi, ko Hohepa, You and Hemi and Hohepa.
A Hemi raua ko Hoani, Hemi and Hoani.
Ki a Hoani ratou ko Hemi ma, to Hoani, Hemi &c.
III. DEFINITIVES.
§ 14. Definitives are those words which shew how far, or in what way the signification of a noun is limited. The name therefore will comprehend what are commonly known as articles, possessive pronouns, possessive cases of nouns, and demonstrative pronouns. All these, with one exception, have two numbers, singular and plural; and all stand before the nouns with which they are connected.
| SINGULAR. | PLURAL. |
| He, a, or an. | He —— |
| Te, the. | Nga, the. |
| Tetahi, a, one, some. | Etahi, some. |
| Tenei, this. | Enei, these. |
| Tena, that (near the person spoken to). | Ena, those (near the person spoken to). |
| Tera, that (at a distance). | Era, those (at a distance). |
| Taua, that (before mentioned). | Aua, those (before mentioned). |
| Ia, that. | (No plural.) |
| Tehea? which? | Ehea? which? |
| Taku, my. | Aku, my. |
| Toku, my. | Oku, my. |
| Tau, thy. | Au, thy. |
| Tou, thy. | Ou, thy. |
| To, thy. | O, thy. |
| Tana, his, or her. | Ana, his, or her. |
| Tona, his, or her. | Ona, his, or her. |
| Ta taua, our. | A taua, our. |
| To taua, our. | O taua, our. |
| Ta tatou, our. | A tatou, our. |
| To tatou, our. | O tatou, our. |
And so on with all the other personal pronouns, with names of persons, or places, with nouns of locality (§ 10), and with all common nouns when they follow any definitive except he, by prefixing ta, or to, for the singular, and a, or o, for the plural.
Examples.
Toku whare, my house.
Enei hoiho, these horses.
He whare, a house, or houses.
Ta Hemi pukapuka, Hemi's book.
To tenei tangata kaainga, this man's dwellingplace.