HAWKINS
ELECTRICAL GUIDE
NUMBER
FOUR
QUESTIONS
ANSWERS
&
ILLUSTRATIONS
A PROGRESSIVE COURSE OF STUDY
FOR ENGINEERS, ELECTRICIANS, STUDENTS
AND THOSE DESIRING TO ACQUIRE A
WORKING KNOWLEDGE OF
ELECTRICITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
A PRACTICAL TREATISE
by
HAWKINS AND STAFF

Classification—series system—danger in series arc light system—constant current system—parallel system—arrangement of feeder and mains in parallel system—series-parallel system—center of distribution—Edison three wire system—evolution of the three wire system—balanced three wire system—balancing of three wire system—copper economy in three wire systems—Dobrowolsky three wire system—modifications of three wire system—three wire storage battery system—three wire double dynamo system—three wire bridge system—three wire three brush dynamo system—Dobrowolsky three wire system—three wire auxiliary dynamo system—three wire compensator system—extension of the three wire principle—five wire system—dynamotor—connections of balancing set—balancing coils—distribution by dynamo motor sets—boosters and their uses—auxiliary bus bar.

Preliminary considerations—various wires—copper wire—iron wire—German silver wire—standard of copper wire resistance—relative conductivity of different metals and alloys—conductors—cable for elevator annunciators—covered conductors—rubber covered conductors—rubber insulated telephone and telegraph wires—weather proof conductors—twisted weather proof wires—precautions in using weather proof conductors—slow burning wire; where used—slow burning weather proof wire; where used; how installed—miscellaneous insulated conductors—safe carrying capacity of wire—pothead wires—circular mils—square mils—mil foot—lamp foot—ampere foot—center of distribution—wire gauges—B. & S. standard wire gauge—micrometer screw gauge—calculating gauge—table of various wire gauges—table of lamp feet for rubber covered wires—lamp table for weather proof wires—symmetrical and unsymmetrical distribution—wiring table for light and power circuits—table of wire equivalents; how to use—table of cable capacities—incandescent lamps on 660 watt circuits—"tree" and "modified tree" system of wiring—distribution with sub-feeders—wrong and right methods of loop wiring—table, of amperes per motor; of amperes per dynamo—calculations for three wire circuit—three wire circuit panel board—size of the neutral wire.

The term "wiring"—open or exposed wiring—selection of wires—installation—disadvantages of open wiring—splicing—pitch of wires—crossing of wires—wiring across pipes—practical points relating to exposed wiring—methods of carrying wires, through floors; on walls—protecting exposed wiring on low ceilings—various porcelain knobs and cleats—wires used in mouldings—standard wooden moulding—kick box—usual character of moulding work—practical points relating to wiring in mouldings—tapping outlets—arc light wiring—arc lamps on low pressure service—circular fixture block—concealed knob and tube wiring; objections; method of installation—arrangement of switch and receptacle outlet in knob and tube wiring—switch boxes—rigid conduit wiring; advantage—types of rigid conduit; requirements—-conduit box—disadvantages of unlined conduit—flexible conduit wiring—Greenfield flexible steel conduit—"fishing"—insulating point—canopy insulator—fish plug and method of insertion—method of installing conduits in fireproof buildings—service entrance to rubber conduit system—condulet outlet to arc lamp—hickey—methods of bending large conduits—armoured cable wiring; features; installation.

Materials for outside conductors—tensile strength of copper wire—pole lines—pole constructing tools—wooden poles—preservation of wooden poles—preservation processes—methods of setting wooden poles in unsuitable soil—reinforced concrete poles—cross arms—lineman's portable platform—poles for light and power wires—spacing of poles—erecting the poles—guy anchors—method of raising a pole—method of pulling anchor into place—guys for poles—head and foot guying—guying corner poles—guy stubs and anchor logs—climbers—wiring the line—pay out reels—method of stringing wires—"come alongs"—tension on wires—sag table—lineman's block and fall with "come alongs"—attaching wire to insulator—splicing; American wire joint; McIntire sleeve and sleeve joint—transpositions—insulators—overhead cable construction—petticoat insulator—Clark's "antihum"—service connections and loops—method of making series, and parallel service connections—joint pole