ụ: see ọ, ü ü (or ụ?) u mut uę, üę ue, o? cuec, olh? uęi, üęi uei, uey, oi? cueissa, pueyssas, oit? uęu, üęu ueu, ou? nueu, bou? üi ui, uy cuit, duy uǫ, üǫ uo, o gruoc, folha uǫi, üǫi uoi, oi puoi, noit uǫu, üǫu uou, ou pluou, ou CONSONANTS. SOUND. SPELLING. EXAMPLES. b b, bb bel, abbat d d don dz z, c plazer, dicén dž i, g, tg, gg, ti, tgi, ih ioc, gen, paratge, viagge, coratie, lotgiar, puihar ð d veder f f, ph fer, phizica g g, gu gras, guan, guerra h (Gascon) h, f? ham, fe?[6] k c, qu, k, g cais, quar, quer, ki, longs[7] l l, ll leu, belleza l´ lh, ill, ilh, ll, l, il, yl, yll, li fuelha, meillor, failha, vellar, viel, voil, fiyl, fayllentia, filia m m, mm mes, commanda n n, nn nas, annat n´ nh, gn, inh, ign, ing, innh, ingn, ngn, nn, n, in, ng, ynh, ni, ny, nyh cenher, plagner, poinh, seignor, soing, poinnher, fraingner, ongnimen, vinna, franén, soin, sengor, poynh, lenia, senyoria, senyhor ŋ n lonc p p, pp, b prop, opparer, obs[8] r r rire r´ r cuer rr rr terra[9] s s, ss, c, ç, x sap, fassa, cenat, ça, locx š ss, s, sh, h, hs faissa, cais, pueysh, Foih, faihs t t, tt, d tot, attenir, nud[8] ts c, z, tz, ç, gz, cz, ti cel, faz, parlatz, ço, fagz, czo, fayllentia[10] tš ch, g, ich, ig, h, gz chan, plag, ueich, faig, lah, gaugz[11] v u (printed v) ven y i, y gabia, preyar z s, z, ç pausa, roza, riçia (＜ ridēbat) ž s, z, i raso, poizo, maio

10. The Gascon group presents certain striking divergences from the other dialects: (1) it shows a b corresponding to Provençal v, as in be = ve ＜ vĕnit, abetz = avetz ＜ habētis; (2) it substitutes r for l between vowels, as in bera = bela ＜ bĕlla; (3) it changes initial f to h, as in he = fe ＜ fĭdem. Other Gascon peculiarities are less ancient, less general, or less important.

11. Some distinctions may be pointed out between the speech of the north and that of the south:—