CELEBRATED TRAVELS AND TRAVELLERS.
THE GREAT NAVIGATORS
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.
GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTERS,
ST. JOHN'S SQUARE.
CELEBRATED TRAVELS AND TRAVELLERS.
THE GREAT NAVIGATORS
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.
BY JULES VERNE.
AND 20 MAPS BY MATTHIS AND MORIEU.
SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, & RIVINGTON,
CROWN BUILDINGS, 188, FLEET STREET.
1880.
[All rights reserved.]
PUBLISHERS' NOTE.
This volume forms the second of three volumes under the general title of CELEBRATED TRAVELS AND TRAVELLERS. The first volume, already published, is entitled THE EXPLORATION OF THE WORLD, and covers a period in the World's History extending from B.C. 505, to the close of the xviith century. The present volume extends over the xviiith century, and the third volume will give an account of the GREAT EXPLORERS AND TRAVELLERS OF THE XIXTH CENTURY.
LIST OF WORKS CONSULTED.
ANSON (Geo., Lord). "Voyage round the World in 1740-44."
BARROW (Sir John). "Travels into the Interior of Southern Africa." London, 1806.
BOUGAINVILLE (Com. de). "Voyage round the World, 1766-69." Paris, 1771.
BRUCE (James). "Travels in Abyssinia between 1768-73." Edin., 1813.
COOK (Captain James). "Second Voyage to the South Pole and Round the World, 1772-75." London, 1777.
COOK and KING (Captain James). "Third Voyage to the Pacific Ocean, 1776-80." London, 1784.
GROSIER (L'Abbé). "China, General Description of the Empire." Paris, 1735.
HAWKESWORTH (Dr. J.). "Account of the Voyages of Discovery in the Southern Hemisphere by Commodore Byron, and Captains Wallis, Carteret, and Cook." London, 1773.
KENNEDY. "New Zealand." London, 1873.
LABILLARDIÈRE (T.). "Voyage in Search of La Pérouse, 1791-93." Paris, 1801.
MASON. "Costumes of China." London, 1800.
PARK (Mungo). "Travels in Africa." London, 1815-16.
PARKINSON (S.). "Voyage to the South Seas." London, 1784.
PÉRON (F.) and FREYCINET (Louis d'). "Voyage to Australasia, 1800-4." Paris, 1808.
PÉROUSE (J. Fr. G. de la). "Voyage round the World, 1785-88." Paris, 1798.
"TRANSACTIONS of the French Academy of Sciences," Vol. 7. Paris.
VAILLANT (Fr. le). "Travels in the Interior of Africa." Paris, 1790.
VANCOUVER (Capt. G.). "Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean, and round the World, from 1790-95." London, 1798.
THE
GREAT NAVIGATORS OF THE 18TH CENTURY.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS
REPRODUCED IN FAC-SIMILE FROM THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS,
GIVING THE SOURCES WHENCE THEY ARE DERIVED.
PART THE FIRST.
Hoisting the signals for triangulation
Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis
Selkirk falling over the precipice with his prey
"I plunged my pike into his breast"
Fight between the Centurion and a Spanish galleon
"The council chose the latter alternative"
"Most of them on horseback"
"One of them tore the carrion with his teeth"
"They made a thousand grimaces"
The natives waving palm-leaves as a sign of welcome
Head-dresses of natives of Otahiti
"Pursued by the arrows of the natives"
A struggle between the Swallow and a Malay prah
Portrait of Bougainville
"We made them
Lancers' Island
Pirogue of the Marquesas Islands
Mdlle. Barré's adventure
Captain James Cook
"They were pursued so closely"
Otahitian flute-player
A Fa-toka, New Zealand
Interior of a morai in Hawaii
Tatooed head of a New Zealander
An I-pah
A New Zealand family
"They were kangaroos"
Otahitian fleet off Oparee
"Three Indians emerged from the wood"
Among the icebergs
New Zealand war canoe
New Zealand utensils and weapons
"Who passed his days in being fed by his wives"
O-Too, King of Otaheite
Monuments in Easter Island
Natives of Easter Island
Natives of the Marquesas
"The natives had sufficient confidence"
"With the roof of considerable height"
View of Christmas Sound
Kerguelen Islands
Fête in Cook's honour at Tonga
Human sacrifice at Otahiti
Tree, from beneath which Cook observed the transit of Venus
Cook's reception by the natives
Prince William's Sound
"They gave him a little pig"
PART THE SECOND.
Pirogues of the Admiralty Islands
"Picking up the enemies' weapons"
"A lighted brand was also presented to them"
"The only one who had escaped"
"A man's skull was found"
Portrait of La Pérouse
Costumes of the inhabitants of Conception
Inhabitants of Easter Island
Typical natives of the Port des Français
Shipwreck of French boats outside the Port des Français
"An Indian with a stag's head
He traced the coast of Tartary
Typical Orotchys
Portrait of D'Entrecasteaux
"They came upon four natives"
Fête in honour of D'Entrecasteaux at the Friendly Islands
Typical native of New Holland
Natives of New Caledonia
View of the Island of Bouron
Native hut in Endracht Land
King of the Island of Timor
The Swan River
"A sail was seen on the horizon"
"The sick were carried on shore"
View of Sydney
Water-carrier at Timor
"He received a cordial welcome"
The Baobab
Portrait of Mungo Park
Natives of Senegal
A Hottentot
A Bosjeman
"Till Master Rees had given his verdict"
Portrait of James Bruce
"I found the monarch seated on his throne"
Chinese magic-lantern
The Emperor of China
The great wall of China
Chinese Prime Minister
"The famous bird Leutzé"
Port Monterey
Mackenzie's first view of the North Pacific Ocean
Portrait of Condamine
Celebrated Narrows of Manseriche
Omagua Indians
Portrait of Alex. de Humboldt
Gigantic vegetation on the banks of the Temi
MAPS.
Map of France, corrected by order of the King, in accordance with the instructions of the Members of the Academy of Sciences
Map of the Eastern Hemisphere
Straits of Magellan, after Bougainville
Polynesia
Map of Queen Charlotte Islands
New Zealand
Louisiade Archipelago
Map of the east coast of New Holland, after Cook
Captain Cook's chart of Otaheite
Itinerary of the principal voyagers during the 18th century, after Cook
Map of Surville's discoveries, after Fleurieu
Island discovered by M. Marion du Fresnes in 1772, called Prince Edward's Island by Cook in 1776
Map of the journey of La Pérouse, after the atlas published by General Millet-Mureau
Map of the coast of Asia, after the map of La Pérouse's voyage
Map of part of North Africa
Map of part of Western Africa
Map of the Empire of China
Map of North-West America
Map of the two Americas
Itinerary of Humboldt's route in equinoctial America
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
FIRST PART.
CHAPTER I.
ASTRONOMERS AND CARTOGRAPHERS.
Cassini, Picard, and La Hire—The Meridian line and the map of France—G. Delisle and D'Anville—The shape of the earth—Maupertuis in Lapland—Condamine at the Equator
VOYAGES IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.
Expedition of Wood Rogers—Adventures of Alexander Selkirk—Galapagos Island—Puerto Seguro—Return to England—Expedition of George Anson—Staten Island—Juan
CHAPTER II.
I.
Roggewein—Scanty information respecting him—The uncertainty of his discoveries—Easter Island—The Pernicious Islands—Bauman Islands—New Britain—Arrival at Batavia—Byron—Stay at Rio Janeiro and Port Desire—Entrance into Magellan's Strait—Falkland Islands and Port Egmont—The Fuegians—Mas-a-fuero—Disappointment Islands—Danger Islands—Tinian—Return to Europe
Wallis and Carteret—Preparations for the Expedition—Difficult Navigation of the Strait of Magellan—Separation of the Dauphin and Swallow—Whitsunday Island—Queen Charlotte's Island—Cumberland and Henry Islands—Otaheite—Howe, Boscawen, and Keppel Islands—Wallis Islands—Batavia—The Cape—The Downs—Discovery of Pitcairn, Osnaburgh, and Gloucester Islands by Carteret—Santa Cruz Archipelago—Solomon Islands—St. George's Strait and New Ireland—Portland Island and the Admiralty Islands—Macassar and Batavia—Meeting with Bougainville in the Atlantic
Bougainville—Changes in the life of a Notary's son—Colonization of the Falkland Islands—Buenos Ayres and Rio Janiero—Cession of the Falkland Islands to Spain—Hydrographical Survey of the Straits of Magellan—The Pecherais—The Four Facardins—Otaheite—Incidents of stay there—Productions of the country and manners of the people—Samoan Islands—Tierra del Santo Espirito or the New Hebrides—The Louisiade—Anchorite Islands—New Guinea—Buotan—From Batavia to St. Malo
CHAPTER III.
I.
The beginning of his maritime career—The command of the Adventure entrusted to him—Tierra del Fuego—Discovery of some islands in the Pomotou Archipelago—Arrival at Otaheite—Manners and Customs of the inhabitants—Discovery of other islands in the Society group—Arrival off New Zealand—Interview with the natives—Discovery of Cook's Strait—Circumnavigation of two large islands—Manners of the people and productions of the country
Survey of the Eastern Coast of Australia—Botany Bay—Wreck of the Endeavour—Crossing Torres Straits—Return to England
CHAPTER IV.
I.
Search for the Unknown—Second stay in New Zealand—Pomotou Archipelago—Second Stay at Otaheite—Survey of Tonga Islands—Third stay in New Zealand—Second crossing of the Pacific—Survey of Easter Island—Visit to the Marquesas
Fresh visit to Otaheite and the Friendly Archipelago—Exploration of the New Hebrides—Discovery of New Caledonia and the Island of Pines—Stay in Queen Charlotte's Strait—South Georgia—Accident to the Adventure
CHAPTER V.
I.
Search for lands discovered by the French—Stay in Van Diemen's land—Queen Charlotte's Strait—Palmerston Island—Grand fêtes at the Tonga Islands
Discovery of the Sandwich Islands—Exploration of the Western Coast of America—From thence to Behring Straits—Return to the Hawaian Archipelago—History of Rono—Cook's death—Return of the Expedition to England
SECOND PART.
CHAPTER I.
I.
Discoveries by Bouvet de Lozier in the Southern Seas—Surville— Land of the Arsacides—Incident during the stay at Port Praslin—Arrival off the Coast of New Ireland—Surville's death—Marion's discoveries in the Antarctic Ocean—His massacre in New Zealand—Kerguelen in Iceland and the Arctic Regions—The Contest of the Watches—Fleurien and Verdun de la Crenne
Expedition under command of La Perouse—St. Catherine's Island—Conception Island—Sandwich Islands—Survey of the American Coast—Fort des Français—Loss of two boats—Monterey and the Indians of California—Stay at Macao—Cavite and Manilla—En route for China and Japan—Formosa—Quelpaert Island—The Coast of Tartary—Ternay Bay—The Tartars of Saghalien—The Orotchys—Straits of La Perouse—Ball at Kamtchatka—Navigator Archipelago—Massacre of M. de Langle and several of his companions—Botany Bay—Cessation of news of the expedition—D'Entrecasteaux sent in search of La Perouse—False News—Strait of D'Entrecasteaux—The Coast of New Caledonia—Land of the Arsacides—Natives of Bouka—Stay at Port Carteret—Admiralty Islands—Stay at Amboine—Lewin Land—Nuyts Land—Stay in Tasmania—Fête in the Friendly Islands—Details of La Perouse's visit to Tonga Tabou—Stay at Balado—Traces of La
Voyage by Captain Marchand—The Marquesas—Discovery of Nouka-Hiva—Manners and Customs of the people—Revolution Islands—The American Coast and Tchinkitané Port—Cox's Straits—Stay in the Sandwich Islands—Macao—Deception—Return to France—Discoveries by Bass and Flinders upon the Australian coast—Expedition under Captain Baudin—Endracht and De Witt Lands—Stay at Timor—Survey of Van Diemen's land—Separation of the Géographe and Naturaliste—Stay at Port Jackson—The Convicts—Pastoral riches of New South Wales—Return of the Naturaliste to France—Cruises by the Géographe and Casuarina to Nuyts, Edels, Endracht and De Witt Lands—Second Stay at Timor—Return to France
CHAPTER II.
Shaw in Algeria and Tunis—Hornemann in the Fezzan—Adanson in Senegal—Houghton in Senegambia—Mungo Park and his two journeys to the Djoliba or Niger—Sego and Timbuctoo—Sparmann and Le Vaillant at the Cape, at Natal, and in the interior—Lacerda at Mozambique and Cazembé—Bruce in Abyssinia—The Sources of the Blue Nile—Tzana Lake—Browne's Voyage in Darfur
CHAPTER III.
Tartary according to Witzen—China according to the Jesuits and Du Halde—Macartney in China—Stay at Chu-Sang—Arrival in Nankin—Negotiations—Reception of the Embassy by the Emperor—Fêtes and ceremonies at Zhé Hol—Return to Pekin, and Europe—Volney—Choiseul Gouffier—Le Chevalier in the Troade—Olivier in Persia—A semi-Asiatic country—Russia according to Pallas