Sections, North, South, and West

87 IX. The First People in the World. Pretensions of every Nation to Superiority.—Pretensions of the Americans.—The Superiority passes from People to People.—New Peoples.—Russia and the United States.—English Opinions of the United States.—The Social System in the United States superior in respect to the Condition of the Labouring Classes 100 X. The Yankee and the Virginian. Course of Emigration toward the West—Two great Columns of Emigrants.—Character of each.—Share of Europe.—Virginian Type.—Yankee Type.—Yankee Predominance in the last half Century.—The Virginian may in turn get the upper Hand.—Advantages of the Contrast of Character.—Two Types in History.—Nations of three Types.—Excess of Unity in France 109 XI. The City of Lowell. Losses of the Jackson Party.—Aspect of Lowell.—Rise of American Manufactures.—Founding of Lowell.—Lowell Railroad.—Influence of Manufactures on the Happiness and Morality of the People 125 XII. Factory Girls of Lowell. Results of Machinery.—The Locomotive Engine.—Wages in Lowell.—Factory Girls.—American Manners.—Measures of the Manufacturing Companies to preserve Good Morals in Lowell.—French Manners.—Will Good Morals last at Lowell?—Moral and Political Influence of the Public Lands. 133 XIII. The Bank.—Slavery. Preparations for the Elections.—Bank Question.—Slavery gives the Means of saving the Bank.—States' Rights Party.—Concessions of the North in regard to Slavery. 145 XIV. The Elections. The Jackson Party repairing its Losses.—Decisive Results in New York.—New Acts of Hostility against the Bank.—Hatred of Monied Men on both sides of the Atlantic. 157 XV. Pittsburg. French Settlement of Pittsburg.—Aspect of Pittsburg.—Its Manufactures.—Rise and Growth of Towns in the United States.—Triple Symbol of the Church, of Schools and the Press, and of the Bank. 166 XVI. General Jackson. Revolution effected by the General.—His Military Success.—His Character.—His bold Tactics.—His Embarrassments. 176 XVII. Public Opinion. Public Opinion in America very different from Public Opinion in Europe.—Government of the Democracy.—The Senate. 185 XVIII. Cincinnati. Situation and Aspect—Manufactories.—Slaughtering of Hogs.—Water Works.—General Harrison.—Dependent Condition of the Public Officers. 190 XIX. Cincinnati. Industry of the Inhabitants.—Industrial Feudalism.—Patronage.—Absence of Idlers.—Rigourous Supervision kept up over them in the whole Country.—Why the Americans do not please certain European Travellers.—Gratitude which Posterity will feel for them. 200 XX. Western Steamboats. Influence of Means of Communication on Civilisation and Liberty.—State of the West before the Introduction of Steamboats.—Introduction of Steamboats.—Description.—Passengers.—Life aboard.—Accidents; little Attention which they attract.—Real Rulers in the West.—Importance of the West. 209 XXI. Intercommunication. Hydrographical, Political, and Commercial Divisions of the Union.—Systems of Public Works resulting therefrom.—Lines extending from East to West.—Erie Canal, Pennsylvania Canal, &c.—Communications between the St. Lawrence and Mississippi Basins.—Ohio Canal and others.—Improvements in the Navigation of both Rivers.—Communication along the Atlantic Coast.—Coasting Trade.—Lines of Railroads and Steamboats.—Routes radiating from the Capitals.—Works around Coal Mines.—Miscellaneous Works.—National Road.—Character of the Public Works in the United Slates.—American Engineers.—The Public Works strengthen the Union.—Necessity of the European Governments executing similar Works. 227 XXII. Labour. French Essays in planting Colonies in America.—The English Colonial System.—American Society organised for Work.—Haste.—Organisation of Labour peculiar to America.—Organisation proper for France.—Canada.—Algiers. 276 XXIII. Money. Money among the English and Americans.—System of Honour.—Its present Impracticability