State, Treasury, War, Navy, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Interior, the Attorney General and Postmaster General.

Each member of the Cabinet receives a salary of $12,000.00 annually.

The Secretary of State is the first in rank among the Cabinet officers, and in case of the death of the President and Vice President would succeed to the office of President.

The financial manager of the national government is the Secretary of the Treasury.

The Secretary of War has charge of the military affairs of the nation under the direction of the President. He also looks after river and harbor improvements, and all obstructions to navigation.

The Attorney General is the chief law officer of the government.

The Postmaster General has charge of the Post Office Department.

The Secretary of Navy has charge of the construction and equipment of vessels of war.

The Secretary of Interior has charge of matters pertaining to the internal welfare of the nation, as public lands, care of national parks, the giving of patents for inventions, Indian affairs, education, etc.

The Secretary of Agriculture promotes the general agricultural interests of the country.

The Secretary of Commerce promotes the commercial interest of the nation.

The Secretary of Labor promotes and develops the welfare of the wage earner of the United States, by improving the working conditions and advancing their opportunities for better employment.

The Vice President of the United States must have the same qualifications as the President.

He receives a salary of $12,000.00 annually.

Treaties.

The framers of the National Constitution gave the United States Senate two important executive powers especially—first, approving treaties. Second, confirming appointments made by the President. All treaties in order to be ratified must receive a two-thirds vote of the Senators present when the vote was taken.

When a treaty has been drawn up the President consults with the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Senate. "Treaties are considered in secret session. The Senate may approve or reject a treaty as a whole; or they may ratify it in part by recommending additional articles as amendments, but the treaty does not become a law until the President and the foreign power agree to the amendment."

While the Senate may approve, reject or change the terms of a treaty, all changes must be agreed to by the President and the nation interested. When accepted by both nations duplicate parchment copies are made, and both copies are signed by the chief officers of each country and then exchanged. This is called the "exchange of ratification." Each nation secures an official copy of the treaty. The President publishes the treaty followed by a proclamation.

The Constitution gives the President the power to negotiate treaties and conventions with foreign countries. He conducts the negotiation through the department of Secretary of State. The President keeps in touch and consults with the Committee on Foreign Relations and with the majority of the leaders in the Senate during negotiations.

"The President shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur."

The Federal Constitution makes treaties a part of the supreme law of the land. Any conflicting provision of a state law or Constitution is repealed.

The League of Nations having failed to get the necessary two-thirds vote in the United States Senate so far has not become a law. It is opposed by a few senators which prevented it receiving the two-thirds vote.

Civil Service.

A great number of our offices of government are appointed and not elected. Over 300,000 positions are filled under the national government appointment. On January 16th, 1883, Congress passed the Civil Service law which established a United States Civil Service Commission composed of three members, of which not more than two should belong to the same political party. The commission is appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate.

The ordinary "Civil Service" examinations are held twice a year at different places in the country designated by the commission.

This commission appoints boards of examiners who hold examinations at least twice a year at Washington, D. C., and in the states and territories.

The commission encourages efficiency by promotion from lower to higher grades of public service. Some of the places that come under the civil service system are clerks in Washington connected with the national government, officials in the postal service, the letter carriers and clerks in post offices and railway mail service, employees in custom houses, government printing office, Indian service and revenue service.

Senators and representatives are not allowed to recommend any applicant to the board of examiners appointed by the commission.

The examinations are practical and the questions pertain to the nature of the work the applicant is to do.

Persons employed in such public service are under obligations not to contribute to any political fund, or to render service to any political party.

CHAPTER III.

State Government.

The state constitution adopted by the voters is the fundamental law of the state.

A state Constitution cannot interfere with the Federal Constitution, neither can the Federal Constitution interfere with the regulation of the state. As has been said the Kentucky Constitution was adopted on April 3, 1792, at a convention which met in Danville.

A state Constitution is a law made by the people and cannot be changed by the legislature, but may be amended or revised by the voters.

Amendments are usually submitted to the legislature and then to the voters.

The revision of the Constitution is by means of a convention of delegates elected by the people.

The three departments of state governments are: The legislative, the lawmaking power; the judicial, the law interpreting power; and the executive, the law enforcing power.

All state governments are divided into these three classes, the legislative, judicial and executive.

The legislature passes laws which govern people in their relation to each other.

The Kentucky legislature convenes at the capital at Frankfort every two years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January and remains in session for sixty working days, not including Sundays and national holidays.

It is composed of two houses, the House of Representatives, known as the lower house with one hundred members, and the Senate, known as the upper house with thirty-eight members.

The Kentucky General Assembly is composed of one hundred and thirty-eight members elected by the voters of the State in the counties and districts in which they reside.

The State is divided into senatorial and representative districts, with a representation based upon population.

The term of office for Senators is four years. A Senator must be thirty years old, a citizen of the United States for nine years and must live in the State and district from which he is elected.

A State Senator in Kentucky receives $10.00 per day for his services during the sitting of the legislature, mileage to and from home at the rate of ten cents per mile, and stationery.

The Lieutenant Governor is the presiding officer of the Senate.

The Senate sits as a court and tries all impeachments.

The president pro tem. of the Senate is elected by