[Bresadolae, Sacc. Volva subglobose, not sheathing, edge stellate, tinged brown; p. exp. glabrous, whitish, often with angular umber warts; g. almost free, whitish; s. cylindr. whitish; sp. subg. 5-7.

Superficially resembles Volvaria parvula.

LEPIOTA, Fr.

1. A. Epidermis dry.
   1. * Ring free, distinct from the volva.

      procera, Scop. P. soon expanded, umbonate, with brownish scales, 10-25 cm.; g. free, crowded; s. 12-20 cm., base thickened, brownish, transversely cracked, ring free; sp. 12-15 × 8-9. Edible.

      rachodes, Vitt. P. 10-18 cm. soon expanded, not umbonate, with brown scales, flesh brownish when broken; gills free; s. white, not cracked, 12-15 cm., ring free; sp. 14 × 8. Edible.

      Differs from L. procera in the flesh turning brown when cut.

      var. puellaris, Fr. Small, entirely white, stem flocculose.

      [Olivieri, Barla. P. convex, then exp. or depr., whitish tinged fawn at disc, covered with fawn adpr. fibrillose scales; g. broad, free yellowish-white; s. whitish, base swollen, ring cottony, caducous; flesh white, brick-red then brownish when broken.

      Allied to L. rachodes with which it agrees in size.

      prominens, Viv. P. 4-6 cm., umbo very strong, ochraceous, scaly; g. white; s. 9-15 cm. slender, base swollen, ring free; sp. 10 × 8.

      permixta, Barla. P. convex, more or less umb. campan. then exp. silky, greyish fawn, centre darker, with adpr. brown scales and becoming deprived of cuticle at edge; g. pale wax or tinged red; s. cylindr. dingy white cracked into brown adpr. scales, base swollen, ring brownish; flesh reddish when broken.

      Resembles L. procera in size and marking of s.; L. rachodes in flesh becoming red; and L. excoriata in having border deprived of cuticle.

      [molybdites, Mey. P. globose then campan. broken into crustaceous scales up to middle; g. remote, white then tinged blue; s. hollow, blackish-brown, bulbous, ring equal.

      An introduced species.

      excoriata, Schaeff. P. globose then plane, 5-8 cm. bistre or whitish, silky or squamulose; g. free; s. cylindrical, white, 5-8 cm. hollow, ring free; sp. 14-15 × 8-9.

      L. naucina differs in the fragmentary ring.

      [carneifolia, Gill. P. fleshy, exp. brown or purple brown, glabrous then minutely broken up into fascicles of fibrils; g. fleshy, crowded, distant from s.; s. white, fibrillose, thickened at base, ring large, soon free.

      densifolia, Gill. P. obtuse, white, soon broken up into adpressed fibrillose scales; g. closely crowded, thin, white, broadest in front; s. white, shining, ring free.

      gracilenta, Kromb. P. soon expanded, obtusely umbonate, 5-8 cm., brown patches on white ground; g. free, broad; s. thickened at base, 12-16 cm., white, ring floccose, disappearing; sp. 10-11 × 7.5.

      Differs from L. procera in smaller size and more especially in the fugacious ring. L. prominens differs in very large umbo and permanent, free ring.

      mastoidea, Fr. Entirely whitish. P. 3-5 cm. with small disappearing warts; g. free; s. narrow up from bulbous base, 5-8 cm., ring free; sp. 7-8 × 5.

      The smallest species of the present section. Like L. gracilenta in miniature.

   2. ** Ring fixed, homogeneous with the universal veil clothing the stem.

      Friesii, Lasch. P. 8-12 cm. expanded, subumb. with adpressed, tomentose brown scales; g. free, crowded; s. 8-12 cm. subbulbous, scaly, brownish, ring pendulous; sp. 8-9 × 5.

      acutesquamosa, Weinm. P. 9-12 cm. convex, obtuse, pale rusty with numerous small pointed warts; g. free, crowded; s. 8-10 cm. narrowed from swollen base, white with rusty scales below, ring large; sp. 7-8 × 4.

      Differs from L. Friesii in rigid deciduous warts, and broad gills very close to stem.

      Badhami, Berk. P. 5-8 cm. expanded, obtuse, squamulose, dark brown, cracked into patches, flesh like that of stem saffron-red when broken; g. free; s. 6-8 cm. bulbous, whitish, ring rather loose; sp. 5 × 3.

      emplastra, Cke. and Mass. P. 5-8 cm. convex, glabrous, dark brown, cracked and showing white ground; g. free; s. 7-9 cm. whitish, ring brown outside; sp. 18-20 × 10-12.

      Differs from L. Badhami in glabrous pileus and larger spores.

      meleagris, Sow. P. 2-4 cm. soon plane, minute black scales on a pale ground, flesh becoming red; g. free; s. 3-6 cm., with blackish squamules, stuffed, ring obsolete; sp. 6-7 × 4.

      biornata, B. and Br. P. 2-4 cm. convex, white tinged yellow, sprinkled with red scales; g. free; s. 6-9 cm. long, ventricose, white spotted red as is also the ring; sp. 8-9 × 6.

      hispida, Lasch. P. 5-7 cm. soon expanded, umb. tawny-brown, tomentose then hispid; g. free, crowded; s. 5-7 cm. floccosely-scaly up to ring, tawny; sp. 6-7 × 4.

      [lignicola, Karst. P. exp. whitish- or yellowish-rusty, with innate, erect, rusty concentric scales, edge fibrillose; g. crowded, free, edge crenulate; s. curved, rusty, squamulose up to obsolete ring; sp. 4-5 × 3-4.

      Superficially resembles Phol. squarrosa.

      [helveola, Bres. P. exp. umb. scaly, reddish-brown; g. free, ventricose, white; s. white then fawn, ring white. Poisonous.

      [Boudieri, Bres. Subcaespitose. P. campan. exp. fawn, with minute darker scales; g. densely crowded, white, edge purple primrose; s. bulbillose, brownish and fibrillose up to ring; sp. 8-9 × 3.5.

      [ignicolor, Bres. P. conico-campan. subexp. umb. squamulose or fibrillose then almost glabrous, dry, fiery tawny; g. yellowish, edge tawny; s. colour of p., base somewhat rooting with bright tawny fibrils; ring evanescent; sp. 8-10 × 4.5-5.

      [castanea, Q. P. umb. squamulose, brown; s. and ring white with tawny flecks.

      [echinella, Q. and Bern. Smell like radishes. P. camp. then convex and umb. bay, bristling with brown pyramidal hairs; g. free, pallid, tinged red; s. rosy, blackish scales below silky ring, pale above.

      Much more slender than L. hispida.

      [Morieri, Gill. P. exp. umb. white, shining, covered with reddish scales, umbo smooth, edge appendiculate; g. white, edge denticulate; s. fibrillose, white, shining, ring ample.

      clypeolaria, Bull. 5-8 cm. campan., at first incrusted, umb. tawny, remainder