tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">326–327

Rise of the political economists 327–330 Influence of Rousseau 330–331 Just at the same time the government began to attack the church 332–334 And to favour religious toleration 334–336 Abolition of the Jesuits 336–346 Calvinism is democratic; Arminianism is aristocratic 339–342 Jansenism being allied to Calvinism, its revival in France aided the democratic movement, and secured the overthrow of the Jesuits, whose doctrines are Arminian 343–345 After the fall of the Jesuits the ruin of the French clergy was inevitable 347–348 But was averted for a time by the most eminent Frenchmen directing their hostility against the state rather than against the church 349–351 Connexion between this movement and the rise of atheism 351–353 Same tendency exhibited in Helvétius 353–357 And in Condillac 357–360 The ablest Frenchmen concentrate their attention on the external world 360–361 Effects of this on the sciences of heat, light, and electricity 361–363 Also on chemistry and geology 364–373 In England during the same period there was a dearth of great thinkers 374–375 But in France immense impetus was given to zoology by Cuvier and Bichat 375–376 Bichat's views respecting the tissues 377–421 Connexion between these views and subsequent discoveries 383–386 Relation between inventions, discoveries, and method; and immense importance of Bichat's method 386–389 Bichat's work on life 390–395 Great and successful efforts made by the French in Botany 395–399 And in mineralogy by De Lisle and Haüy 399–403 Analogy between this and Pinel's work on insanity 403–404 All these vast results were part of the causes of the French Revolution 405 Physical science is essentially democratic 406–410 The same democratic tendency was observable in changes of dress 410–412 And in the establishment of clubs