قراءة كتاب An Introductorie for to Lerne to Read, To Pronounce, and to Speke French Trewly
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An Introductorie for to Lerne to Read, To Pronounce, and to Speke French Trewly
letters shall be lefte unbesounde, and the cause therof.
The seconde parte shalbe of nownes, pronownes, adverbes, participles, with verbes, prepositions, and conjunctions.
Also certayne rules for conjugations.
Item fyve or six maners of conjugations with one verbe.
Item conjugations with two pronownes and with thre and fynally combining or joinyng II verbes togeder.
The second boke shall be of lettres missyves in prose and in ryme.
Also diuerse comunications by way of dialoges, to receyve a messager from the emperour, the frenche kynge, or any other prince.
Also other comunications of the propriete of mete, of love, of peas, of warres, of the exposicion of the masse, and what mannes soule is, with the division of tyme, and other conseites.
FINIS.
A PROLOGUE FOR AN INTRODUCTORY.
Les choses qui a droit exprimer ne se peuuent doibuent estre declareez
by syncopation of sylence, by cause that by sylence one doth answer to many
par sincopacion taciturne, pour ce que par silence on respond a pluisieurs
thynges. Syncopation is none other thyng but abreviation of length, and prolixite
choses. Sincopation nest aultre chose quabreuiacion de prolixite, et prolixite
is superfluitie of wordes in declarying a thyng. Wherfore in all
est superfluite de paroles en declarant une chose. Pourquoy en toutes
workes one ought to be shorte. We shall begynne this boke than in the name
oeuures on doibt estre brief. Nous commencerons ce liure doncques ou nom
of God all mighty and shall ende it with the helpe of hym, procedyng by the
de Dieu tout puissant et lacheuerons a laide diceluy, procedant par le
counsayle of Orace, whiche is as shorte as possible shalbe.
conseil dOrace, qui est le plus brief que possible sera.
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HERE FOLOWETH THE FYRST BOKE OF SEVYN RULES FOR TO REDE
AND TO PRONOUNCE FRENCHE TREWLY.
THE FYRST
is howe the fyve vowels, that is to saye a, e, i, o, and v, shalbe sounded in redyng french.
Ye shal pronounce your a, as wyde open mouthed as ye can; your e, as ye do in latyn, almost as brode as ye pronounce your a in englysshe; your i, as sharpe as can be; o, as ye do in englyssh, and v after the Skottes, as in this worde gud. These fyve uowels be consonantes when they receyve nat their full sounde, as in this worde jamais the fyrst a is a uowell, and the seconde is a consonant.
Example of e, as déité and magesté, where bothe ees of deite be uowels, and the fyrst of magesté is a consonant and the seconde is a uowell. Wherfore ye shall understande that the moste parte of ees in french be consonantes, save fewe with suche wordes as come out of latyn. Example of consonantes
me, te, se, que, de, le, faire, dire, mectre, nostre, vostre,
wher is never a uowel. All the ees that shalbe uowels in this present boke shalbe marked as the dyptong is in latyn, thus é.
THE SECONDE RULE.
Also in redyng frenche ye shall leave the last letter of every worde unsounde, endyng in s, t, and p, save of the same worde wherupon ye do pause or rest, for if ye do pronounce every worde by hymselfe, that is to say, restyng upon the same, ye ought for to pronounce and sounde him thorowe. And if any word endyng with an s, have the next worde folowyng begynning with a uowell, than shall ye sounde the said s, lyke a z, as in these wordes jamais aultres ye shal rede jamaiz aultre (never others) , as it were but one worde, but if the next worde commyng after the s be a consonant, than shall the said s remayne unsounde, as in these wordes jamais narés, (never shall ye have) the s of jamais shall nat be sounde. Provyded alwayes, as is sayde before, that ye do nat pause nor rest upon the worde, for so doyng ye must sounde it parfitely.
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THE THYRDE RULE.
Whan one worde doth ende with a uowell, and the next folowyng after begyn with another, than the fyrste shalbe unsounde, as in these wordes, but in you have que en uous, ye shall rede quen uous, and
je me ay, je te ay, je le ay,
ye shall rede je may, je tay, je lay,
and so of all suche lyke, excepte some wordes whiche be nat used in Fraunce, as tu as, thou hast. Where bothe uowels must be sounde, howbeit the Picardes sounde it after the sayd rule, sayeng tas for tu as, tes for tu es, thou arte. And if ye fynde two ees endynge and begynnynge a worde, ye shall leave the tone, as in these wordes,
il te est bien,
ye shall rede il test bien.
And of e, and a, as in these wordes que a, but te, ye shall rede qua. Of e, and o, as in these wordes, que on, but one, ye shal rede quon. Of a and o, as in these wordes, pourra on, may one, ye shall rede pourran. And in lyke maner of all other of that termynation.
THE FOURTH RULE.
An s, in the begynnynge of a worde hath his full sounde, as dothe appere by these wordes folowyng,
sage, sauuage, sapient, etc.
but in the myddes beynge eyther before a consonant or a uowell, shall be sounded lyke a z, as in these wordes
disoie, faisoie, brisoie, taisoie, etc.
THE FYFTH RULE.
Whan st dothe come togider in a worde hauing a uowell before it, than the sayde s shall remayne unsounde, but it shall encreace the sounde of the sayde uowell, as in these wordes
gaster, taster, haster,
ye shall rede gaater, taater, haater.
And myne hoste come agayne anone
mon hoste reuenes tantost:
ye shall rede mon hoote reuenes tanto:
ye shall nevertheles except al those that be nyghe the latyn, as
protester, manifester, contester,
and suche lyke, whiche must have the sayd s, well and parfitly sounded and pronounced, for it is nat possyble to fynde a rule so generall and infallible to serue for euery worde as was said aboue in the prologue.
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THE SIXT RULE.
There is in french dyuers wordes, whiche for denotation or signifycation of plurarite dothe ende with an s, or with a z, for without he same they be synguler nombre, as these wordes and such lyke