AGARICACEAE, Fries.

Hymenium covering the entire surface of radiating lamellae or gills. Spores one-celled.

Primary divisions of the Agaricaceae depend on the colour of the spores as seen in the mass, when deposited on an opaque substance; and not as seen under the microscope by transmitted light.

1. I. Leucosporae.

   Spores white. In some cases with a tinge of yellow or pink. In some species of Russula the spores are clear ochre, but such species belong obviously to Russula notwithstanding.

2. II. Chlorosporae.

   Spores clear green or bluish-green.

3. III. Rhodosporae.

   Spores salmon-colour or pink.

4. IV. Ochrosporae.

   Spores ochraceous or rust-colour.

5. V. Melanosporae.

   Spores black, blackish-brown, or black with a purple tinge.

LEUCOSPORAE.

1. I. Haplophyllae.
   Margin of gills acute; i.e. not longitudinally split or grooved.
   1. * Molles. More or less fleshy, soft, and soon decaying or shrivelling (not corky, woody, or rigid).
      1. + Ring, or volva, or both present, or gills free.

         Amanita. Volva and ring present. Gills usually free, rarely adnexed or adnate. (Volva sometimes not evident round base of stem, but loose patches on pileus prove its presence.)

         Amanitopsis. Volva present, ring absent; gills free.

         Lepiota. Ring present, volva absent; gills free. (In some sp. the ring is imperfect, and in a few the gills are slightly attached.)

         Hiatula. Gills free; volva and ring absent.

         Armillaria. Ring present, volva absent; gills attached.

      2. ++ Gills adnexed or adnate; ring and volva absent.

         Tricholoma. Gills sinuate; stem fleshy.

         Russula. Pileus fleshy; gills very rigid, brittle.

         Mycena. Pileus slender, campanulate, usually striate, margin straight and adpressed to stem when young.

         Collybia. Pileus rather fleshy, more or less plane, margin incurved when young; stem cartilaginous outside.

         Marasmius. Tough, drying up and reviving when moistened; gills often connected by veins.

      3. +++ Gills decurrent.

         Lactarius. Gills and flesh exuding milk when broken. (In some sp. the gills are adnate.)

         Hygrophorus. Gills thick at the base, edge acute, rather waxy, often branched; pileus often hygrophanous. (In some sp. the gills are adnate or even free.)

         Clitocybe. Gills thin, pliant, sometimes powdered with the spores; stem fibrous outside.

         Omphalia. Gills thin, pliant, stem cartilaginous outside.

         Pleurotus. Growing on wood. Stem lateral or excentric when present.

         Cantharellus. Gills narrow, edge thick, rather waxy, forking.

         Arrhenia. Gills reduced to very slight wrinkles or veins.

         Nyctalis. Gills thick, edge blunt. Parasitic on fungi, or among dead leaves, &c.

   2. ** Tenaces. Coriaceous, corky, or woody, persistent, rigid when dry.

      Lentinus. Pileus coriaceous; gills decurrent, edge toothed or eroded.

      Panus. Pileus coriaceous; gills decurrent, edge quite entire.

      Xerotus. Pileus coriaceous; gills forking, edge thick.

      Lenzites. Horizontal, sessile, woody or corky; gills radiating from behind.

2. II. Schizophyllae.
   Margin of gills split open.

   Trogia. Gills resembling folds or wrinkles, edge grooved. (In the only European species the edge of gills not grooved.)

   Schizophyllum. Margin of gills split, the split portions rolling outwards.

Cm. = centimetres; compr. = compressed; decur. = decurrent; depr. = depressed; exp. = expanded; g. = gills; hygr. = hygrophanous; infundib. = infundibuliform; mm. = millimetres; p. = pileus; s. = stem; sp. = spores; umb. = umbonate; umbil. = umbilicate.

The measurement given of the stem is that of its average length; that of the pileus, its average breadth when expanded. The measurement of the spores is given in micro-millimetres, usually indicated by the Greek letter µ.

AMANITA, Fries.

1. * Margin of volva free, persistent.
   1. + Pileus red or deep orange.

      [caesarea, Scop. P. hemispherical then exp. orange or red, edge striate, flesh yellowish; g. yellow; s. stout, yellow, ring and volva lax; sp. 8-10 × 6. Edible.

   2. ++ Pileus white, sometimes tinged yellow or green.

      virosa, Fr. Entirely white. P. 8-11 cm. conical, then expanded; viscid when moist; g. free, crowded; s. 10-12 cm. slightly thinner upwards, squamulose, ring near apex, torn, volva large, lax; sp. subglobose, 8-10. Poisonous.

      phalloides, Fr. P. 7-10 cm. viscid, obtuse, white, tinted yellow or greenish; g. free, white; s. 7-10 cm. white, tapering upwards, bulbous, ring large, volva large, margin irreg. free; sp. subglobose, 7-8. Poisonous.

      mappa, Fr. Smell strong. P. 6-9 cm. convex then expanded, dry, white or yellowish, usually with patches of the volva; g. adnexed, white; s. 5-8 cm. white, bulbous, ring torn, volva without a large, free margin; sp. subglobose, 7-9. Poisonous.

      Differs from A. phalloides in shorter equal stem.

      [ovoidea, Bull. White. P. silky, margin incurved, even; s. squamulose.

      [coccola, Scop. White; margin of p. incurved, sulcate; s. villose; sp. 11-12 × 8.

      [lepiotoides, Barla. At first entirely closed in brown volva. P. exp. edge striate, squamulose, whitish, cuticle broken into greyish tawny areolae or scales; g. broad, whitish, brownish when bruised; s. yellowish-white, squamulose, ring thin, fugacious.

   3. +++ Pileus yellow, sometimes tinged red.

      [junquillea, Q. P. pale orange or lemon yellow, viscid, deeply striate; g. adnexed; s. and fugacious ring yellowish-white, base ovoid-bulbous, volva circumscissile.

      [vernalis, Gillet. P. exp. pale dingy yellow with tinge of red, with scattered white scales; g. free, white, broadest in front; s. white, squamulose below the ring, base bulbous, volva ample margin free. In early spring.

      [lutea, Otth. P. conical, exp. yellow or yellowish ochre, edge invol. slightly striate, disc papillose, viscid, usually with broad scattered scales; g. white, crowded; s. rather narrowed upwards, base bulbous, ring thin, white, volva membranous.

   4. ++++ Pileus brownish or grey.

      [porphyria, A. & S. P. brownish or with a violet tinge; g. adnexed; s. slender, ring distant brownish; sp. 8-10.

      recutita, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. soon expanded, dry, glabrous, fragments of volva present as a rule, grey or brownish; g. forming lines down the stem; s. narrowed upwards, silky, white, ring distant, white, edge of volva not