class="pginternal" tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">437; legal and moral freedom, 438. § 3. Rights and obligations:—Their definition, 439; they are correlative, 440; physical rights, 442; limitations put upon them by war and punishment, 443; by poverty, 444; mental rights, 445; limitations to freedom of thought and expression, 446; education, 448.

XXI.   Civil Society and the Political State 451 § 1. Civil rights and obligations:—Their definition, 451; their classes, 452; significance of established remedies for wrongs, 454. § 2. Development of civil rights:—Contrast with savage age justice, 456; social harm versus metaphysical evil, 457; recognition of accident and intent, 459; of character and circumstances, 460; of mental incapacity, 462; significance of negligence and carelessness, 464; conflict of substantial and technical justice, 465; relations of the legal and moral, 467; reform of criminal procedure necessary, 468; also of punitive methods, 470; and of civil administration, 471. § 3. Political rights and obligations:—Significance of the state, 473; distrust of government, 474; indifference to politics, 476; political corruption, 477; reform of partisan machinery, 478; of governmental machinery, 479; constructive social legislation, 480; a federated humanity, 481. § 4. The moral criterion of political activity:—Its statement, 482; the individualistic formula, 483; the collectivistic formula, 484. XXII.   The Ethics of the Economic Life 486 § 1. General analysis:—The economic in relation to happiness, 487; relation to character, 488; social aspects, 491. § 2. The problem set by the new economic order:—Collective and impersonal organizations, 495; readjustments required, 496. § 3. The agencies for carrying on commerce and industry:—Early agencies, 497; the business enterprise, 498; the labor union, 499; reversion to group morality, 500; members and management, 500; employer and employed, 501; relations to the public, 502; to the law, 503. § 4. The methods of production, exchange, and valuation:—The machine, 507; basis of valuation, 508. § 5. The factors which aid ethical reconstruction:—Principles more easily seen, 511. XXIII.   Some Principles in the Economic Order 514 1. Wealth subordinate to personality, 514. 2. Wealth and activity, 514. 3. Wealth and public service, 515. 4. A change demanded from individual to collective morality, 517. 5. Personal responsibility, 519. 6. Publicity and legal control, 520. 7. Democracy and distribution, 521. XXIV.   Unsettled Problems in the Economic Order 523 § 1. Individualism and socialism:—General statement, 523; equal opportunity, 526. § 2. Individualism or free contract analyzed; its values:—Efficiency, 527; initiative, 527; regulation of production, 528. § 3. Criticisms upon individualism:—It does not secure real freedom, 528; nor justice, 530; competition tends to destroy itself, 531; position of the aristocratic individualists, 532. XXV.   Unsettled Problems in the Economic Order (Continued) 536 § 4. The theory of public agency and control, 536. § 5. Society as agency of production:—Charges against private management, 537; corruption, 538; conditions of labor, 540; collective agency not necessarily social, 544. § 6. Theories of just distribution:—Individualistic theory, 546; equal division, 547; a working programme, 548. § 7. Ownership and use of property:—Defects in the present system, public@vhost@g@gutenberg@html@files@39551@[email protected]#Page_551" class="pginternal"