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قراءة كتاب History of Civilization in England, Vol. 2 of 3
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اللغة: English
History of Civilization in England, Vol. 2 of 3
الصفحة رقم: 1
HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION IN ENGLAND.
BY
HENRY THOMAS BUCKLE.
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. II.
NEW EDITION.
TORONTO:
ROSE-BELFORD PUBLISHING COMPANY,
60 YORK STREET.
1878.
ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.
| CHAPTER I. | |
| OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF THE FRENCH INTELLECT FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY TO THE ACCESSION TO POWER OF LOUIS XIV. | |
| PAGE | |
| Importance of the question, as to whether the historian should begin with studying the normal or the abnormal condition of society | 1–3 |
| Greater power of the church in France than in England | 4 |
| Hence in France during the sixteenth century everything was more theological than in England | 6–8 |
| Hence, too, toleration was impossible in France | 9–11 |
| But at the end of the sixteenth century scepticism appeared in France, and with it toleration began, as was seen in the Edict of Nantes | 11–15 |
| The first sceptic was not Rabelais, but Montaigne | 15–18 |
| Continuation of the movement by Charron | 18–21 |
| Henry IV. encouraged the Protestants | 23–24 |
| And they were tolerated even by the queen-regent during the minority of Louis XIII. | 24–26 |
| The most remarkable steps in favour of toleration were, however, taken by Richelieu, who effectually humbled the church | 27–34 |
| He supported the new secular scheme of government against the old ecclesiastical scheme | 34–42 |
| His liberal treatment of the Protestants | 42–46 |
| They are deserted by their temporal leaders, and the management of the party falls into the hands of the clergy | 46–51 |
| Hence the French Protestants, being headed by the clergy, become more intolerant than the French Catholics, who are headed by statesmen | 51–55 |
| Evidence of the illiberality of the French Protestants | 55–72 |
| They raise a civil war, which was a struggle of classes rather than of creeds | 73 |
| Richelieu put down the rebellion, but still abstained from persecuting the Protestants | 73–76 |
| This liberal policy on the part of the government was only part of a much larger movement | 76–77 |
| Illustration of this from the philosophy of Descartes | 77–92 |
| Analogy between Descartes and Richelieu | 92–93 |
| The same anti-ecclesiastical spirit was exhibited by their contemporaries | 93–95 |
| And by Mazarin | 96–98 |
| It was also seen in the wars of the Fronde | 99–102 |
| But notwithstanding all this, there was a great | |