curious from the "cotte à mancherons déchiquetés."

238   57. Chess-knight of ivory, preserved in the Ashmolean Museum: seen in two views. The knight wears the hauberk of chain-mail, and the cylindrical helm of its earliest form. The gamboised chausson is seen overlying the mail chausses. The triangular bowed shield is very exactly represented, and the draping of the surcoat has more freedom than is usually found at this early period. The date appears to be the beginning of the thirteenth century. 243   58. From a marble bas-relief in a cloister of the Annunziata Convent at Florence, 1289. After a drawing in the Kerrich Collection, Add. MSS., No. 6,728. The knight, Gulielmus Balnis, among several singularities of equipment, presents us with a very unusual pattern of leg-armour: the whole suit will be duly examined at a future page. The composition conveys no very exalted idea of Italian art in 1289; and, in the drapery, the sculptor might well take a lesson from the humble chess-piece carver of the days of Magna Charta, whose handiwork was the subject of our last notice. 244   59. Knightly effigy, of free-stone, in the church of Ash, near Sandwich. Date, the close of the thirteenth century. The chain-mail has been expressed in stucco, and painted of a red-brown colour. Traces of gilding are found on the genouillères and other parts of the monument. The knight wears the quilted gambeson; hauberk, hood, and chausses of chain-mail; genouillères of plate or cuir-bouilli, and long surcoat. Ailettes are at the shoulders: of the shield, little is left but the strap that sustained it: the cord looped to the waist-belt held a dagger, now wanting: the spurs, of a single goad, have been gilt. 247   60. A mounted knight clothed in banded-mail, and having armoried ailettes. The shield is carried by allowing the enarmes to slip over the wrist. A fortified bridge, with flanking towers, "bretèche," gates, and portcullis, is in face. The miniature appears on fol 58^vo. of Add. MS. 10,293: a collection of Romances, dated 1316. 250   61. Mounted knight armed in banded-mail and visored bassinet, and having ailettes of a lozenge form: from Roy. MS. 14 E. iii. fol. 94^vo.; a volume of Romances, written and illuminated in the first half of the fourteenth century. A fine book for armour subjects: the drawings clear, richly coloured and gilt, and the details well made out. This volume passed into the possession of King Richard III., whose autograph appears on the second folio. 250   62. Knightly figure of the close of the thirteenth century: from Roy. MS. 2, A. xxii. fol. 219. The drawing shews very clearly the manner in which the mail-coif was drawn over the chin, and tied above the ear on the left side of the head. An opening at the palm permitted the knight to disengage his hand from the hauberk at pleasure. The armour of the legs consists of a chausson of chain-mail, and chausses lacing behind, which appear to be formed of studs rivetted on cloth or leather. The helm is of a more enriched character than is usually found at this period. Other minute points of this equipment will be noticed in the order of their examination. 254   63. Group of Soldiers, from a Latin Service-book of the end of the thirteenth century: Add. MS. 17,687: German art: the drawings richly coloured and gilt, large and well detailed. The armour fabrics in the subject before us are of three kinds: banded-mail, plain quilting, and pourpointerie with studs. The diversity of arrangement of these defences in so small a group of soldiers strikingly shews how little was thought of a uniformity of costume. As in other cases, particular points of equipment will be noticed in the body of the work. 257   64. Effigy in free-stone of a knight of the De Sulney family, from the church of Newton Solney, Derbyshire. The manor was held by this house under the Earls of Chester (see "Archæological Journal," vol. vii. page 368), and the church contains several early and interesting monumental statues of the successive lords. The figure before us appears to be of the close of the thirteenth century: it is armed in hauberk and chausses of banded-mail: the sleeveless surcoat is slit up in front for convenience of riding: the shield has been triangular, and is slightly bowed: the pommel of the sword is cinquefoiled, its cross-piece curved towards the blade: the spurs are of a single goad. In lieu of the usual lion or dragon at the feet, the statue is terminated by clusters of foliage of Early English character; from which we may learn that the particular purpose of the carving beneath the feet of these old sculptures was, not symbolic or heraldic decoration, but the provision of a strong block of stonework, to prevent the slender and prominent feet from being broken away by the first act of carelessness. 261   65. A portion of banded-mail from the above-named monument, of the natural size. The lower figure gives the profile view. 263   66. Group from the "Romance of King Meliadus," Add. MS. 12,228, fol. 79. This is a manuscript of the fourteenth century (circa 1360); used here to illustrate the subject of banded-mail. 264   67. Coif of banded-mail, from a MS. of the beginning of the fourteenth century. The subject is given in full in No. 7 of Count Bastard's Peintures des Manuscrits, the original monument being an illuminated Bible. Other figures from this Bible shew the same mode of tightening the coif.